{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T16:34:27Z","timestamp":1790526867372,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]],"date-time":"2015-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DGIST R&amp;D Program of the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","award":["15-BD-0401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15-BD-0401"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education","award":["2014R1A1A2059068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014R1A1A2059068"]}]},{"name":"DGIST R&amp;D Program of the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning of Korea","award":["CPS Global Center"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPS Global Center"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Standard upper-limb motor function impairment assessments, such as the  Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), are a critical aspect of rehabilitation after neurological disorders. These assessments typically take a long time (about 30 min for the FMA) for a clinician to perform on a patient, which is a severe burden in a clinical environment. In this paper, we propose a framework for automating upper-limb motor assessments that uses  low-cost sensors to collect movement data. The sensor data is then processed through a machine learning algorithm to determine a score for a patient\u2019s upper-limb functionality. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, we implemented a system based on the proposed framework that can automate most of the FMA. Our experiment shows that the system provides similar FMA scores to clinician scores, and reduces the time spent evaluating each patient by 82%. Moreover, the proposed framework can be used to implement customized tests or tests specified in other existing standard assessment methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150820097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,18]],"date-time":"2015-08-18T02:36:16Z","timestamp":1439865376000},"page":"20097-20114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["A Framework to Automate Assessment of Upper-Limb Motor Function Impairment: A Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Otten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epic Systems Corporation, 1979 Milky Way, Verona, WI 53705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonghyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, 333 Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, 333 Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12245","article-title":"Global stroke statistics","volume":"9","author":"Thrift","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. 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