{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:19:31Z","timestamp":1787746771733,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,27]],"date-time":"2016-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we present a chemiresistive metal oxide (MOX) sensor for detection of hydrogen sulfide. Compared to the previous reports, the overall sensor performance was improved in multiple characteristics, including: sensitivity, selectivity, stability, activation time, response time, recovery time, and activation temperature. The superior sensor performance was attributed to the utilization of hybrid SnO2\/TiO2 oxides as interactive catalytic layers deposited using a magnetron radio frequency (RF) sputtering technique. The unique advantage of the RF sputtering for sensor fabrication is the ability to create ultra-thin films with precise control of geometry, morphology and chemical composition of the product of synthesis. Chemiresistive films down to several nanometers can be fabricated as sensing elements. The RF sputtering technique was found to be very robust for bilayer and multilayer oxide structure fabrication. The geometry, morphology, chemical composition and electronic structure of interactive layers were evaluated in relation to their gas sensing performance, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX), UV visible spectroscopy, and Kelvin probe measurements. A sensor based on multilayer SnO2\/TiO2 catalytic layer with 10% vol. content of TiO2 demonstrated the best gas sensing performance in all characteristics. Based on the pattern relating material\u2019s characteristics to gas sensing performance, the optimization strategy for hydrogen sulfide sensor fabrication was suggested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16091373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]],"date-time":"2016-08-29T10:18:38Z","timestamp":1472465918000},"page":"1373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Hybrid SnO2\/TiO2 Nanocomposites for Selective Detection of Ultra-Low Hydrogen Sulfide Concentrations in Complex Backgrounds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Larin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VAON LLC, KY, USA, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Womble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VAON LLC, KY, USA, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Dobrokhotov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Physics Institute, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10313","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b04343","article-title":"Physisorption-Based Charge Transfer in Two-Dimensional SnS2 for Selective and Reversible NO2 Gas Sensing","volume":"9","author":"Ou","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6028","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06028","article-title":"Gas Sensing of SnO2 Nanocrystals Revisited: Developing Ultra-Sensitive Sensors for Detecting the H2S Leakage of Biogas","volume":"4","author":"Mei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. 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