{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T22:52:52Z","timestamp":1790549572149,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]],"date-time":"2016-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing is increasingly being used for label-free and real-time monitoring of changes in cell morphology and number during cell growth, drug screening, and differentiation. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using ECIS to monitor C2C12 myoblast differentiation using a fabricated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode-based chip. C2C12 myoblast differentiation on the ITO electrode was validated based on decreases in the mRNA level of MyoD and increases in the mRNA levels of myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MHC). Additionally, MHC expression and morphological changes in myoblasts differentiated on the ITO electrode were comparable to those in cells in the control culture dish. From the monitoring the integration of the resistance change at 21.5 kHz, the cell differentiation was label-free and real-time detectable in 30 h of differentiation (p &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16122068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]],"date-time":"2016-12-05T10:27:09Z","timestamp":1480933629000},"page":"2068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Electrical Impedance Monitoring of C2C12 Myoblast Differentiation on an Indium Tin Oxide Electrode"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ilhwan","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeonhee","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Hoo","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon 21999, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ga-Yeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1166-4932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee-Sook","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea"},{"name":"Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon 21999, Korea"},{"name":"Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science &amp; Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Chul","family":"Pyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Woo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3839-6410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungbo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea"},{"name":"Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science &amp; Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.124297","article-title":"Skeletal muscle tissue in movement and health: Positives and negatives","volume":"219","author":"Lindstedt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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