{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T19:07:23Z","timestamp":1778267243318,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,19]],"date-time":"2017-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A colorimetric and turn-on fluorescent probe 1 bearing triphenylamine-thiophene and dicyanovinyl groups has been synthesized and used to detect cyanide anion via a nucleophilic addition reaction. Probe 1 exhibited prominent selectivity and sensitivity towards CN\u2212 in aqueous media, even in the presence of other anions such as S2\u2212, HS\u2212, SO32\u2212, S2O32\u2212, S2O82\u2212, I\u2212, Br\u2212, Cl\u2212, F\u2212, NO2\u2212, N3\u2212, SO42\u2212, SCN\u2212, HCO3\u2212, CO32\u2212 and AcO\u2212. Moreover, a low detection limit (LOD, 51 nM) was observed. In addition, good cell membrane permeability and low cytotoxicity to HeLa cells were also observed, suggesting its promising potential in bio-imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17020405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]],"date-time":"2017-02-20T11:07:24Z","timestamp":1487588844000},"page":"405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Biocompatible Colorimetric Triphenylamine- Dicyanovinyl Conjugated Fluorescent Probe for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Cyanide Ion in Aqueous Media and Living Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zi-Hua","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Ke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin-Jiang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi-Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing-Fei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8038","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00099","article-title":"Applications of supramolecular anion recognition","volume":"115","author":"Busschaert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4312","DOI":"10.1039\/c4cs00008k","article-title":"Recent progress in the development of fluorometric and colorimetric chemosensors for detection of cyanide ions","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Merwe, S.W., Schoeller, F., Bolzer, W., Germonper, R., Heller, L., Filho, E.H., Formaggia, D.M.E., Blum, J.C., Omori, M.J., and Mancuso, P.C.S. (1996). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Kulig, K.W. (1991). Cyanide Toxicity."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6232","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0259180","article-title":"Luminescence lifetime-based sensor for cyanide and related anions","volume":"124","author":"Anzenbacher","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4873","DOI":"10.1021\/ac980498b","article-title":"Determination of cyanide in whole blood by capillary gas chromatography with cryogenic oven trapping","volume":"70","author":"Ishii","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1021\/ac060890m","article-title":"Piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance sensor for trace aqueous cyanide ion determination","volume":"79","author":"Timofeyenko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CC47732K","article-title":"Electrofluorochromic detection of cyanide anions using a benzothiadiazole-containing conjugated copolymer","volume":"50","author":"Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(02)01362-4","article-title":"Development of a method for estimating an accurate equivalence point in nickel titration of cyanide ions","volume":"476","author":"Suzuki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2007.02.004","article-title":"Spectrophotometric determination of aqueous cyanide using a revised phenolphthalin method","volume":"589","author":"Cacace","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11700","DOI":"10.1039\/c1cc14565g","article-title":"A turn-on fluorescence sensor for cyanide from mechanochemical reactions between quantum dots and copper complexes","volume":"47","author":"Maldonado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1021\/ol7025763","article-title":"Fluorescent chemodosimeter for selective detection of cyanide in water","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2004.06.040","article-title":"Fluorescence intensity and lifetime-based cyanide sensitive probes for physiological safeguard","volume":"522","author":"Badugu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3635","DOI":"10.1021\/ja044421i","article-title":"Enhanced fluorescence cyanide detection at physiologically lethal levels: Reduced ICT-based signal transduction","volume":"127","author":"Badugu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5056","DOI":"10.1021\/ol2018856","article-title":"Coumarin-Cu(II) ensemble-based cyanide sensing chemodosimeter","volume":"13","author":"Jung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2012.07.128","article-title":"Highly selective sensing of cyanide by a benzochromene-based ratiometric fluorescence probe","volume":"53","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9197","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cc03910a","article-title":"Highly activated Michael acceptor by an intramolecular hydrogen bond as a fluorescence turn-on probe for cyanide","volume":"46","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1039\/B907368J","article-title":"Sensors for the optical detection of cyanide ion","volume":"39","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cs00172d","article-title":"Diversity-driven chemical probe development for biomolecules: Beyond hypothesis-driven approach","volume":"40","author":"Kang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14441","DOI":"10.1039\/c1jm11704a","article-title":"Detection and adsorption of Hg2+ by new mesoporous silica and membrane material grafted with a chemodosimeter","volume":"21","author":"Zou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2010.06.040","article-title":"Chemodosimeters for mercury(II) and methylmercury(I) based on 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole","volume":"149","author":"Zou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2007.12.024","article-title":"A highly sensitive and selective chemosensor for cyanide","volume":"75","author":"Ren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.11.009","article-title":"A new principle for selective sensing cyanide anions based on 2-hydroxy-naphthaldeazine compound","volume":"177","author":"Gong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16283","DOI":"10.1021\/ja907056m","article-title":"Turn-on fluorescence detection of cyanide in water: Activation of latent fluorophores through remote hydrogen bonds that mimic peptide \u03b2-turn motif","volume":"131","author":"Jo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200700412","article-title":"Cyanide sensing with organic dyes: Studies in solution and on nanostructured Al2O3 surfaces","volume":"14","author":"Gimeno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8953","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cc03398g","article-title":"Cyanide sensing with organic dyes: Studies in solution and on nanostructured Al2O3 surfaces","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11496","DOI":"10.1021\/ja101674z","article-title":"Engineering of the heme pocket of an H-NOX domain for direct cyanide detection and quantification","volume":"132","author":"Dai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1021\/ol902852g","article-title":"Fluorescence turn-on sensor for cyanide based on a cobalt(II)-coumarinylsalen complex","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1039\/C1JM15072C","article-title":"A Cu(II)-based chemosensing ensemble bearing rhodamine B fluorophore for fluorescence turn-on detection of cyanide","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1021\/ol1008558","article-title":"Single-electron transfer driven cyanide sensing: A new multimodal approach","volume":"12","author":"Ajayakumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4822","DOI":"10.1021\/ol302140x","article-title":"Core-modified naphthalenediimides generate persistent radical anion and cation: New panchromatic NIR probes","volume":"14","author":"Ajayakumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6996","DOI":"10.1021\/am4011176","article-title":"Single electron transfer-driven multi-dimensional signal read-out function of TCNQ as an \u201cOff-the-Shelf\u201d detector for cyanide","volume":"5","author":"Ajayakumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1246\/cl.2010.738","article-title":"A new ring-opening chromene molecule: Colorimetric detection of cyanide anion","volume":"39","author":"Huo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2013.03.024","article-title":"A highly selective ratiometric and colorimetric chemosensor for cyanide detection","volume":"98","author":"Peng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dyes Pigment."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.02.100","article-title":"Nitro substituted chalcone derivatives as quick-response chemosensors for cyanide anions","volume":"198","author":"Shan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10266","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA26587H","article-title":"A colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for the selective detection of cyanide anions in aqueous media and living cells","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC. Adv."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.06.047","article-title":"Rhodafluor-based chromo-and fluorogenic probe for cyanide anion","volume":"158","author":"Lv","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.201101038","article-title":"A Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Colorimetric and Fluorescent Probe for Cyanide Detection","volume":"7","author":"Jeong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Asian J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3730","DOI":"10.1021\/ol2013928","article-title":"Rational design of a highly reactive ratiometric fluorescent probe for cyanide","volume":"13","author":"Yuan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cc05018k","article-title":"KCN sensor: Unique chromogenic and \u201cturn-on\u201d fluorescent chemodosimeter: Rapid response and high selectivity","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2012.10.002","article-title":"Tuning photophysical properties of triphenylamine and aromatic cyano conjugate-based wavelength-shifting compounds by manipulating intramolecular charge transfer strength","volume":"251","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1021\/am3001083","article-title":"Reaction-based colorimetric cyanide chemosensors: Rapid naked-eye detection and high selectivity","volume":"4","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4513","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201200008","article-title":"A Boradiazaindacene-based turn-on fluorescent probe for cyanide detection in aqueous media","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1021\/am303152w","article-title":"Colorimetric and ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent cyanide chemodosimeter based on phenazine derivatives","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2016.01.019","article-title":"A novel colorimetric and fluorescent sensor for cyanide anions detection based on triphenylamine and benzothiadiazole","volume":"72","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2013.07.011","article-title":"A new triphenylamine fluorescent dye for sensing of cyanide anion in living cell","volume":"54","author":"Qu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59809","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA11567H","article-title":"A near-infrared \u201con-off\u201d fluorescent and colourimetric cyanide chemodosimeter based on phenothiazine with applications in living cell imaging","volume":"4","author":"Zou","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47990","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA05807D","article-title":"A triphenylamine-based colorimetric and \u201cturn-on\u201d fluorescent probe for detection of cyanide anions in live cells","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.11.094","article-title":"A new highly selective and turn-on fluorescence probe for detection of cyanide","volume":"193","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.05.049","article-title":"A ratiometric fluorescent probe based on benzo [e] indolium for cyanide ion in water","volume":"185","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13457","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra41413b","article-title":"Dicyanovinyl terthiophene as a reaction based colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescence probe for cyanide anions","volume":"3","author":"Pati","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/2\/405\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:28:37Z","timestamp":1760207317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/2\/405"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,19]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["s17020405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17020405","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,19]]}}}