{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:04:17Z","timestamp":1788361457253,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LIDER\/023\/379\/L-5\/13\/NCBR\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIDER\/023\/379\/L-5\/13\/NCBR\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Biostrateg2\/298357\/8\/NCBR\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Biostrateg2\/298357\/8\/NCBR\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we present a system for sequential detection of multiple gases using laser-based wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) method combined with a Herriot-type multi-pass cell. Concentration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ammonia (NH3) are retrieved using three distributed feedback laser diodes operating at 1574.5 nm (H2S and CO2), 1651 nm (CH4), and 1531 nm (NH3). Careful adjustment of system parameters allows for H2S sensing at single parts-per-million by volume (ppmv) level with strongly reduced interference from adjacent CO2 transitions even at atmospheric pressure. System characterization in laboratory conditions is presented and the results from initial tests in real-world application are demonstrated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T12:46:27Z","timestamp":1518180387000},"page":"529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Laser-Based Monitoring of CH4, CO2, NH3, and H2S in Animal Farming\u2014System Characterization and Initial Demonstration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4188-1062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Stachowiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Sensing Laboratory, Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Stab\u0142owicka 147, 54-066 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Jaworski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Sensing Laboratory, Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Stab\u0142owicka 147, 54-066 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3055-1623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Krzaczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, G\u0142\u0119boka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Maj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, G\u0142\u0119boka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9192-1793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Nikodem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Sensing Laboratory, Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Stab\u0142owicka 147, 54-066 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115004","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/10\/11\/115004","article-title":"Impacts of European livestock production: Nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and greenhouse gas emissions, land-use, water eutrophication and biodiversity","volume":"10","author":"Adrian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. 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