{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:45:02Z","timestamp":1777466702683,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]],"date-time":"2018-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 2016R1A6A3A11931621 and No. 2016R1A2A1A05005413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2016R1A6A3A11931621 and No. 2016R1A2A1A05005413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The design and implementation of a novel piezoelectric-based actuator for an implantable middle-ear hearing aid is described in this paper. The proposed actuator has excellent low-frequency output characteristics, and can generate high output in a specific frequency band by adjusting the mechanical resonance. The actuator consists of a piezoelectric element, a miniature bellows, a cantilever membrane, a metal ring support, a ceramic tip, and titanium housing. The optimal structure of the cantilever-membrane design, which determines the frequency characteristics of the piezoelectric actuator, was derived through finite element analysis. Based on the results, the piezoelectric actuator was implemented, and its performance was verified through a cadaveric experiment. It was confirmed that the proposed actuator provides better performance than currently used actuators, in terms of frequency characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18061694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]],"date-time":"2018-05-24T07:54:01Z","timestamp":1527148441000},"page":"1694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Piezoelectric Actuator with Frequency Characteristics for a Middle-Ear Implant"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Dong Ho","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680, Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Ho","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680, Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/01.moo.0000244187.66807.30","article-title":"Implantable middle ear hearing devices: Current state of technology and market challenge","volume":"14","author":"Backous","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. 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