{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:22:39Z","timestamp":1790817759193,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Major Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project of China","award":["2012YQ200182, 2012YQ0901670602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012YQ200182, 2012YQ0901670602"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A new design of circular multi-pass cells (CMPC) with two rows of reflection spots on mirrors is presented. The effective optical path length (OPL) of this novel CMPC is double that of traditional CMPC with the same diameter and interval of spots. This OPL can be readily adjusted to have regular intervals by rough rotation adjustment. We achieved a spatial separation of pre- and post-transfer optical systems that was adequately large even in the cases with a large number of passes. Analytical chief ray tracing analysis and a generalized method for parameter determination for designing the cell are presented in detail. The stable condition of the double-row CMPC (DR-CMPC) is also derived by the ABCD matrix method. Designs with maximum effective OPL of 74.72 m, 48.67 m and 24.57 m are demonstrated and verified by ray tracing simulations within a 25 cm diameter DR-CMPC. An adjustment of the regular intervals to 1 m can be achieved in both designs. The overall astigmatism of the design with an effective OPL of 74.72 m is only 9.30 \u00d7 10\u22126 mm, which is four orders of magnitude smaller than that of the traditional CMPC with similar geometric parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T10:40:07Z","timestamp":1534329607000},"page":"2680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Generalized Optical Design of the Double-Row Circular Multi-Pass Cell"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3439-9745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianshun","family":"Ming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.32.000285","article-title":"Long Optical Paths of Large Aperture","volume":"32","author":"White","year":"1942","journal-title":"J. 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