{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T18:06:16Z","timestamp":1774980376757,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LQ1601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ1601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The inhibition effect of the selected heavy metals (Ag+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+) on glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme from Aspergillus niger (EC 1.1.3.4.) was studied using a new amperometric biosensor with an electrochemical transducer based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) covered with a thin layer of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) incorporated with ruthenium(IV) oxide as a redox mediator. Direct adsorption of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and subsequent covering with Nafion\u00ae layer was used for immobilization of Gox. The analytical figures of merit of the developed glucose (Glc) biosensor are sufficient for determination of Glc in body fluids in clinical analysis. From all tested heavy metals, mercury(II) has the highest inhibition effect. However, it is necessary to remember that cadmium and silver ions also significantly inhibit the catalytic activity of Gox. Therefore, the development of Gox biosensors for selective indirect determination of each heavy metal still represents a challenge in the field of bioelectroanalysis. It can be concluded that amperometric biosensors, differing in the utilized enzyme, could find their application in the toxicity studies of various poisons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19132939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T11:14:49Z","timestamp":1562152489000},"page":"2939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Application of the Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensors for Monitoring Non-Competitive Inhibition of Enzyme Activity by Heavy Metals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1281-4127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir M.","family":"Ashrafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"CEITEC\u2014Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"S\u00fds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentsk\u00e1 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eli\u0161ka","family":"Sedl\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Shaaban Farag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentsk\u00e1 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vojt\u011bch","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1232-3694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"P\u0159ibyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Czech Republic CEITEC MU, Nanobiotechnol Group, Kamenice 5, CZ-62 500 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8288-3999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luk\u00e1\u0161","family":"Richtera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enzymes: The biological catalysts of life","volume":"2","author":"Niemi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol. Maintanance"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-018-0186-4","article-title":"Substrate specificity of plant nitrilase complexes is affected by their helical twist","volume":"1","author":"Woodward","year":"2018","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11931","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2235806100","article-title":"How an enzyme surmounts the activation energy barrier","volume":"100","author":"Schowen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0590001","article-title":"Enzymes: Principles and biotechnological applications","volume":"59","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/bmb.2003.494031040240","article-title":"Energy diagrams for enzyme-catalyzed reactions: Concepts and misconcepts","volume":"31","author":"Aledo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. Mol. Biol. Educ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52139","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310359200","article-title":"Reversal of cyanide inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase by the auxiliary substrate nitric oxide an endogenous antidote to cyanide poisoning?","volume":"278","author":"Pearce","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01701626","article-title":"Effect of heavy metals ions on enzyme activity in the mediterranean mussel, donax trunculus","volume":"42","author":"Mizrahi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-326X(85)90006-2","article-title":"Biochemical effects of trace metals","volume":"16","author":"Viarengo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-445X(88)90003-3","article-title":"The effect of metal metabolism on uptake, disposition and toxicity in fish","volume":"11","author":"Hodson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(86)90060-6","article-title":"The acute lethal toxicity of heavy metals to peracarid crustaceans (with particular reference to fresh-water asellids and gammarids)","volume":"20","author":"Martin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5395.1877","article-title":"Single-molecule enzymatic dynamics","volume":"282","author":"Lu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4302","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200462544","article-title":"Reaction progress kinetic analysis: A powerful methodology for mechanistic studies of complex catalytic reactions","volume":"44","author":"Blackmond","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(02)00328-2","article-title":"Industrial enzyme applications","volume":"13","author":"Kirk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2005.10.016","article-title":"Industrial applications of microbial lipases","volume":"39","author":"Hasan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Enzym. Microb. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(03)00092-2","article-title":"The enzyme as drug: Application of enzymes as pharmaceuticals","volume":"14","author":"Vellard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13455","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.18.13455","article-title":"Monitoring enzyme catalysis with mass spectrometry","volume":"275","author":"Bothner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b03975","article-title":"Online monitoring of enzymatic reactions using time-resolved desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry","volume":"89","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasms.2008.07.025","article-title":"Monitoring enzyme reaction and screening of inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase by quantitative matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization fourier transform mass spectrometry","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6983","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201701388","article-title":"Real-time monitoring of enzyme-catalysed reactions using deep UV resonance raman spectroscopy","volume":"23","author":"Westley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. A Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-022X(80)90043-3","article-title":"A rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of esterase activity","volume":"3","author":"Miller","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2012.09.189","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles and polypyrrole for glucose biosensor design","volume":"47","author":"German","year":"2012","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2014.10.034","article-title":"The electrochemical enzymatic glucose biosensor based on mesoporous carbon fibers activated by potassium carbonate","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1081\/AL-200057205","article-title":"Determination of hydrogen peroxide, glucose and hypoxanthine using (bio) sensors based on ruthenium dioxide-modified screen-printed electrodes","volume":"38","author":"Kotzian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1499","article-title":"Amperometric glucose biosensor based on rhodium dioxide-modified carbon ink","volume":"18","author":"Kotzian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Electroanal. Int. J. Devoted Fundam. Pract. Asp. Electroanal."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123902","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2356307","article-title":"Enzymatic glucose biosensor based on ZnO nanorod array grown by hydrothermal decomposition","volume":"89","author":"Wei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B445","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0641608jes","article-title":"Enzymatic glucose biosensor based on TbYxOy electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor","volume":"163","author":"Weng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B824","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0381816jes","article-title":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors for determination of mercury ions","volume":"165","author":"Ashrafi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1341","article-title":"Stripping analysis at bismuth electrodes: A review","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Electroanal. Int. J. Devot. Fundam. Pract. Asp. Electroanal."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5624","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-013-7357-y","article-title":"Enhanced electrochemical detection performance of multiwall carbon nanotubes functionalized by aspartame","volume":"48","author":"Liang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/0956-5663(91)80010-U","article-title":"Second generation biosensors","volume":"6","author":"Scheller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(00)00155-X","article-title":"Specific surface area of carbon nanotubes and bundles of carbon nanotubes","volume":"39","author":"Peigney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.5219\/713","article-title":"Comparison of adsorptive with extractive stripping voltammetry in electrochemical determination of retinol","volume":"11","year":"2017","journal-title":"Potr. SJF Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10481","DOI":"10.3390\/s150510481","article-title":"Surface plasmon resonance: A versatile technique for biosensor applications","volume":"15","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4196","DOI":"10.3390\/ma3084196","article-title":"STM, SECPM, AFM and electrochemistry on single crystalline surfaces","volume":"3","author":"Wolfschmidt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1039\/b800307f","article-title":"Scanning tunneling microscopy as a tool to study catalytically relevant model systems","volume":"37","author":"Vang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00177a011","article-title":"Scanning electrochemical microscopy. Introduction and principles","volume":"61","author":"Bard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"76","article-title":"Atomic force microscopy application in biological research: A review study","volume":"38","author":"Vahabi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Med Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9030","DOI":"10.1016\/S1452-3981(23)12947-6","article-title":"Amperometric enzyme carbon paste-based biosensor for quantification of hydroquinone and polyphenolic antioxidant capacity","volume":"8","author":"Pekec","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9005","DOI":"10.1021\/es801777n","article-title":"Adsorption mechanisms of organic chemicals on carbon nanotubes","volume":"42","author":"Pan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3190","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA25771B","article-title":"Electrochemical and electromechanical behavior of Nafion-based soft actuators with PPy\/CB\/MWCNT nanocomposite electrodes","volume":"7","author":"Rasouli","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20150001","article-title":"Introduction to biosensors","volume":"60","author":"Bhalla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.04.005","article-title":"Hydrodynamic chronoamperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide using carbon paste electrodes coated by multiwalled carbon nanotubes decorated with MnO2 or Pt particles","volume":"233","author":"Vajdle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B: Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31822572c9","article-title":"Increased blood glucose variability during therapeutic hypothermia and outcome after cardiac arrest","volume":"39","author":"Devigili","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanco, A., and Blanco, G. (2017). Chapter 8\u2014Enzymes. Medical Biochemistry, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803550-4.00008-2"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-008-0018-1","article-title":"Glucose oxidase inhibition in poly (neutral red) mediated enzyme biosensors for heavy metal determination","volume":"163","author":"Ghica","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2004.08.003","article-title":"Heavy metal determination by biosensors based on enzyme immobilised by electropolymerisation","volume":"20","author":"Malitesta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1166\/sl.2016.3752","article-title":"An amperometric indirect determination of heavy metal ions through inhibition of glucose oxidase immobilized on cobalt oxide nanostructures","volume":"14","author":"Mugheri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1007\/s13738-018-1374-3","article-title":"Determination of heavy metal ions by an amperometric biosensor based on glucose oxidase immobilized onto single-walled carbon nanotubes\/Nile blue nanocomposite","volume":"15","author":"Varjovi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Iran. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.08.087","article-title":"Antimony nanoparticle-multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite immobilized at carbon paste electrode for determination of trace heavy metals","volume":"191","author":"Ashrafi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B: Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2011.07.078","article-title":"Stripping voltammetric determination of mercury (II) at antimony-coated carbon paste electrode","volume":"85","author":"Ashrafi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2011.12.042","article-title":"New procedures for voltammetric determination of copper (II) using antimony film-coated carbon paste electrodes","volume":"73","author":"Ashrafi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electrochimica Acta"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S1452-3981(23)13321-9","article-title":"Determination of trace bismuth (III) by stripping voltammetry at antimony-coated carbon paste electrode","volume":"7","author":"Ashrafi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/S1452-3981(23)14293-3","article-title":"Codeposited antimony-bismuth film carbon paste electrodes for electrochemical stripping determination of trace heavy metals","volume":"8","author":"Ashrafi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(00)01074-6","article-title":"Trace determination of mercury by anodic stripping voltammetry at the rotating gold electrode","volume":"424","author":"Bonfil","year":"2000","journal-title":"Analytica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8639","DOI":"10.1021\/ac070478m","article-title":"Antimony film electrode for electrochemical stripping analysis","volume":"79","author":"Hocevar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Analytical chemistry"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60206a032","article-title":"The Application of Stripping Analysis to the Determination of Silver (I) Using Graphite Electrodes","volume":"35","author":"Perone","year":"1963","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-9140(92)80153-5","article-title":"Voltammetric determination of mercury (II) at a carbon paste electrode in aqueous solutions containing tetraphenylborate ion","volume":"39","author":"Hua","year":"1992","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S1452-3981(23)13331-1","article-title":"Electrochemical stripping analysis of selected heavy metals at antimony trioxide-modified carbon paste electrode","volume":"7","author":"Hocevar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2005.04.005","article-title":"Inhibitive determination of mercury ion using a renewable urea biosensor based on self-assembled gold nanoparticles","volume":"114","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0956-5663(01)00125-7","article-title":"Microbial biosensors","volume":"16","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15063","DOI":"10.3390\/s121115063","article-title":"Indirect determination of mercury ion by inhibition of a glucose biosensor based on ZnO nanorods","volume":"12","author":"Chey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2007.11.049","article-title":"Inhibitive determination of metal ions by an amperometric glucose oxidase biosensor: Study of the effect of hydrogen peroxide decomposition","volume":"131","author":"Guascito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/S1452-3981(23)13390-6","article-title":"Indirect determination of mercury by inhibition of glucose oxidase immobilized on a carbon paste electrode","volume":"7","author":"Samphao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02001-07","article-title":"Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of the silver ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli","volume":"74","author":"Jung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Colowick, S.P., Kaplan, N.O., McCormick, D.B., and Wright, L.D. (1955). Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2478\/s11534-011-0096-2","article-title":"Gwyddion: An open-source software for SPM data analysis","volume":"10","author":"Klapetek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open Phys."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3784","DOI":"10.1021\/jp9113128","article-title":"Surface structure of Nafion in vapor and liquid","volume":"114","author":"Bass","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1135\/cccc20020302","article-title":"Amperometric determination of glucose with a carbon paste biosensor","volume":"67","author":"Schachl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Collect. Czechoslov. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"7","article-title":"Piston-driven carbon paste electrode holders for electrochemical measurements","volume":"1","author":"Metelka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sens. Electroanal."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/13\/2939\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:02:21Z","timestamp":1760187741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/13\/2939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s19132939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19132939","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]}}}