{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T03:50:39Z","timestamp":1789617039500,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,26]],"date-time":"2020-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004070","name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LTR16002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTR16002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oil flowlines, the first \u201cpipeline\u201d system connected to the wellhead, are pipelines that are 5 to 30.5 cm (two to twelve inches) in diameter, most susceptible to corrosion, and very difficult to inspect. Herein, an external corrosion detection sensor for oil and gas pipelines, consisting of a semicircular plastic strip, a flat dog-bone-shaped sacrificial metal plate made out of the same pipeline material, and an optical fiber with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors, is described. In the actual application, multiple FBG optical fibers are attached to an oil and gas pipeline using straps or strips or very large hose clamps, and, every few meters, our proposed corrosion detection sensor will be glued to the FBG sensors. When the plastic parts are attached to the sacrificial metals, the plastic parts will be deformed and stressed; thus, placing the FBG sensors in tension. When corrosion is severe at any given pipeline location, the sacrificial metal at that location will corrode till failure and the tension strain is relieved at that FBG Sensor location, and therefore, a signal is detected at the interrogator. Herein, the external corrosion detection sensor and its design equations are described, and experimental results, verifying our theory, are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T07:41:11Z","timestamp":1580110871000},"page":"684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["External Corrosion Detection of Oil Pipelines Using Fiber Optics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3623-6368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nader","family":"Vahdati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Sas Al Nakhl Campus, Abu Dhabi 999041, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Sas Al Nakhl Campus, Abu Dhabi 999041, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6582-5113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleg","family":"Shiryayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9073-5606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Rostron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Sas Al Nakhl Campus, Abu Dhabi 999041, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1771-3886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fook Fah","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Green, K.P., and Jackson, T. 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