{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:21:29Z","timestamp":1789514489984,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the high availability of surface electromyography (sEMG), it is not widely used for testing the effectiveness of exercises that activate intrinsic muscles of foot in people with hallux valgus. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the toe-spread-out (TSO) exercise on the outcomes of sEMG recorded from the abductor hallucis muscle (AbdH). An additional objective was the assessment of nerve conduction in electroneurography. The study involved 21 patients with a diagnosed hallux valgus (research group A) and 20 people without the deformation (research group B) who performed a TSO exercise and were examined twice: before and after therapy. The statistical analysis showed significant differences in the third, most important phase of TSO. After the exercises, the frequency of motor units recruitment increased in both groups. There were no significant differences in electroneurography outcomes between the two examinations in both research groups. The TSO exercise helps in the better activation of the AbdH muscle and contributes to the recruitment of a larger number of motor units of this muscle. The TSO exercises did not cause changes in nerve conduction. The sEMG and ENG are good methods for assessing this exercise but a comprehensive assessment should include other tests as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T10:41:52Z","timestamp":1586774512000},"page":"2162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Muscle Activity Detectors\u2014Surface Electromyography in the Evaluation of Abductor Hallucis Muscle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5209-6700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila","family":"Mortka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. 28 Czerwca 1956 nr 135\/147, 60-545 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4587-0822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Wiertel-Krawczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology of Locomotor Organs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. 28 Czerwca 1956 nr 135\/147, 60-545 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3551-7347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Lisi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. 28 Czerwca 1956 nr 135\/147, 60-545 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880803100111","article-title":"Neurophysiological assessment of the electrostimulation procedures used in stroke patients during rehabilitation","volume":"31","author":"Huber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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