{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T02:47:00Z","timestamp":1789440420468,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>General movements (GMs) are spontaneous movements of infants up to five months post-term involving the whole body varying in sequence, speed, and amplitude. The assessment of GMs has shown its importance for identifying infants at risk for neuromotor deficits, especially for the detection of cerebral palsy. As the assessment is based on videos of the infant that are rated by trained professionals, the method is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, approaches based on Artificial Intelligence have gained significantly increased attention in the last years. In this article, we systematically analyze and discuss the main design features of all existing technological approaches seeking to transfer the Prechtl\u2019s assessment of general movements from an individual visual perception to computer-based analysis. After identifying their shared shortcomings, we explain the methodological reasons for their limited practical performance and classification rates. As a conclusion of our literature study, we conceptually propose a methodological solution to the defined problem based on the groundbreaking innovation in the area of Deep Learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20185321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T08:29:43Z","timestamp":1600331383000},"page":"5321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["AI Approaches towards Prechtl\u2019s Assessment of General Movements: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4581-4107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Tausif","family":"Irshad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"},{"name":"Punjab University College of Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3288-750X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Adeel","family":"Nisar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"},{"name":"Punjab University College of Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8610-2291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Gouverneur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Rapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4877-8287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Grzegorzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"A report: The definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006","volume":"109","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. 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