{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T05:38:43Z","timestamp":1776058723684,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1A2C1089139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A2C1089139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The goal of this study was to develop and validate a hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) system for home automation control. Over the past decade, BCIs represent a promising possibility in the field of medical (e.g., neuronal rehabilitation), educational, mind reading, and remote communication. However, BCI is still difficult to use in daily life because of the challenges of the unfriendly head device, lower classification accuracy, high cost, and complex operation. In this study, we propose a hybrid BCI system for home automation control with two brain signals acquiring electrodes and simple tasks, which only requires the subject to focus on the stimulus and eye blink. The stimulus is utilized to select commands by generating steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP). The single eye blinks (i.e., confirm the selection) and double eye blinks (i.e., deny and re-selection) are employed to calibrate the SSVEP command. Besides that, the short-time Fourier transform and convolution neural network algorithms are utilized for feature extraction and classification, respectively. The results show that the proposed system could provide 38 control commands with a 2 s time window and a good accuracy (i.e., 96.92%) using one bipolar electroencephalogram (EEG) channel. This work presents a novel BCI approach for the home automation application based on SSVEP and eye blink signals, which could be useful for the disabled. In addition, the provided strategy of this study\u2014a friendly channel configuration (i.e., one bipolar EEG channel), high accuracy, multiple commands, and short response time\u2014might also offer a reference for the other BCI controlled applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20195474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T01:39:33Z","timestamp":1600997973000},"page":"5474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["A Bipolar-Channel Hybrid Brain-Computer Interface System for Home Automation Control Utilizing Steady-State Visually Evoked Potential and Eye-Blink Signals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5730-0173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trung-Hau","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0121-855X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wan-Young","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2012.2184830","article-title":"Brain\u2013Computer Interface Technologies in the Coming Decades","volume":"100","author":"Lance","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. 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