{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:18:35Z","timestamp":1760239115820,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report on the observation of the detachment in situ and in vivo of Dunaliella tertiolecta microalgae cells from a glass surface using a 1064 nm wavelength trapping laser beam. The principal bends of both flagella of Dunaliella were seen self-adhered to either the top or bottom coverslip surfaces of a 50 \u03bcm thick chamber. When a selected attached Dunaliella was placed in the trapping site, it photoresponded to the laser beam by moving its body and flagellar tips, which eventually resulted in its detachment. The dependence of the time required for detachment on the trapping power was measured. No significant difference was found in the detachment time for cells detached from the top or bottom coverslip, indicating that the induced detachment was not due solely to the optical forces applied to the cells. After detachment, the cells remained within the optical trap. Dunaliella detached from the bottom were seen rotating about their long axis in a counterclockwise direction, while those detached from the top did not rotate. The rotation frequency and the minimal force required to escape from the trap were also measured. The average rotation frequency was found to be independent of the trapping power, and the swimming force of a cell escaping the laser trap ranged from 4 to 10 picoNewtons. Our observations provide insight into the photostimulus produced when a near-infrared trapping beam encounters a Dunaliella. The microalgae frequently absorb more light than they can actually use in photosynthesis, which could cause genetic and molecular changes. Our findings may open new research directions into the study of photomovement in species of Dunaliella and other swimming microorganisms that could eventually help to solve technological problems currently confronting biomass production. In future work, studies of the response to excess light may uncover unrecognized mechanisms of photoprotection and photoacclimation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20195656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T07:22:16Z","timestamp":1601709736000},"page":"5656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Detachment of Dunaliella tertiolecta Microalgae from a Glass Surface by a Near-Infrared Optical Trap"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Beatriz A.","family":"Juarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de F\u00edsica Aplicada, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y de Educaci\u00f3n Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada C.P. 22860, Baja California, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5338-3194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veneranda G.","family":"Garces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"lPacifica Photonics Consultants, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Km 99, No.1, Villa San Miguel, El Sauzal, Ensenada C.P. 22768, Baja California, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Cordero-Esquivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Oceanologia, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y de Educaci\u00f3n Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada C.P. 22860, Baja California, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1126-3968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel C.","family":"Spalding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61702-2900, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de F\u00edsica Aplicada, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y de Educaci\u00f3n Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada C.P. 22860, Baja California, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/330769a0","article-title":"Optical trapping and manipulation of single cells using infrared laser beams","volume":"330","author":"Ashkin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Foskett, J.K., and Grinstein, S. (1990). Optical tweezers: A new tool for biophysics. Noninvasive Techniques in Cell Biology, Wiley-Liss."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.13.001555","article-title":"Optically-controllable micron-sized motor based on live cells","volume":"13","author":"Gudipati","year":"2005","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"044024","DOI":"10.1088\/2040-8978\/13\/4\/044024","article-title":"Optical macro-tweezers: Trapping of highly motile microorganisms","volume":"13","author":"Thalhammer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Opt."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.54.001827","article-title":"Induced deflagellation of Isochrysis microalgae in a near-infrared optical trap","volume":"54","author":"Garces","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2007.1118","article-title":"The use of optical tweezers to study sperm competition and motility in primates","volume":"5","author":"Nascimento","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.20071","article-title":"Analysis of force generation during flagellar assembly through optical trapping of free-swimming Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","volume":"61","author":"McCord","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Motil. Cytoskelet."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s12195-009-0062-x","article-title":"Laser trap characterization and modeling of phototaxis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","volume":"2","author":"Hollm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970150305","article-title":"Flagellar photoresponses of Chlamydomonas cells held on micropipettes: I. Change in flagellar beat frequency","volume":"15","author":"Nultsch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell Motil."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970180404","article-title":"Flagellar photoresponses of Chlamydomonas cells held on micropipettes: II. Change in flagellar beat pattern","volume":"18","author":"Nultsch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell Motil."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970070111","article-title":"Comparison of the beating of cis- and trans-flagella of Chlamydomonas cells held on micropipettes","volume":"7","author":"Nultsch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell Motil."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168103","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.103.168103","article-title":"Noise and Synchronization in Pairs of Beating Eukaryotic Flagella","volume":"103","author":"Goldstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys4258","article-title":"Adhesion of Chlamydomonas microalgae to surfaces is switchable by light","volume":"14","author":"Kreis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/271476a0","article-title":"Photoreceptor electric potential in the phototaxis of the alga Haematococcus pluvialis","volume":"271","author":"Litvin","year":"1978","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Butcher, R.W. (1959). An Introductory Account of the Smaller Algae of British Coastal Waters, Fishery Investigations, Series4."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1980.tb03177.x","article-title":"Ultrastructural observation of the surface coat of Dunaliella tertiolecta from staining with cationic dyes and enzyme treatments","volume":"85","author":"Oliveira","year":"1980","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.051326","article-title":"Flagellar and ciliary beating: The proven and the possible","volume":"123","author":"Lindemann","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e12-01-0073","article-title":"The future of ciliary and flagellar membrane research","volume":"23","author":"Bloodgood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1448-1-2","article-title":"A hundred years of Dunaliella research: 1905\u20132005","volume":"1","author":"Oren","year":"2005","journal-title":"Saline Syst."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Posudin, Y.I., Massjuk, N.P., and Lilitskaya, G.G. (2010). Photomovement of Dunaliella Teod, Vieweg + Teubner Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-8348-9765-7"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109413","article-title":"Effects of Burkholderia thailandensis rhamnolipids on the unicellular algae Dunaliella tertiolecta","volume":"182","author":"Charalampous","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S., Liu, K.H., Hong, S.J., Cho, B.K., Lee, H., Lee, C.G., and Choi, H.K. (2013). Effects of light intensity and nitrogen starvation on glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, and carotenoid composition in Dunaliella tertiolecta culture. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072415"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04153.x","article-title":"Dunaliella biotechnology: Methods and applications","volume":"107","author":"Shariati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben-Amotz, A., Polle, J.E.W., and Rao, D.V.S. (2009). The Alga Dunaliella: Biodiversity, Physiology, Genomics and Biotechnology, Science Publishers.","DOI":"10.1201\/b10300"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"440","article-title":"A review on pharmacological applications of halophilic alga Dunaliella","volume":"45","author":"Arun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Geo-Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"37","article-title":"Photomovement of two species of Dunaliella teod","volume":"2","author":"Posudin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Algologia"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2326-1951.1982.tb02101.x","article-title":"Sunlight, earth, life: The grand design of photosynthesis","volume":"22","author":"Arnon","year":"1982","journal-title":"Sciences"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.42.110807.091452","article-title":"The dynamics of photosynthesis","volume":"42","author":"Eberhard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.58.032806.103844","article-title":"Sensing and Responding to Excess Light","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)91011-6","article-title":"Chapter 11\u2014Analysis of the Ciliary\/Flagellar Beating of Chlamydomonas","volume":"Volume 91","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods in Cell Biology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juarez-Alvarez, B.A., Garces, V.G., Cordero-Esquivel, B., O\u2019Donnell, K.A., and Spalding, G.C. (2018, January 19\u201323). Studies of biflagellated microalgae adhesion using an optical trap system. Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XV, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2323221"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Jayawickramarajah, N. (2003). Characterization of Surface Colonization by Microalgae Using Botryococcus braunii and Dunaliella tertiolecta. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Montana State University]."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro821","article-title":"Bacterial biofilms: From the natural enviroment to infectious diseases","volume":"2","author":"Costerton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Harris, E.H., Stern, D.B., and Witman, G.B. (2009). Chapter 15\u2014The Chlamydomonas Flagellum as a Model for Human Ciliary Disease. The Chlamydomonas Sourcebook, Academic Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2216\/i0031-8884-20-2-199.1","article-title":"Ultrastructure of the green flagellate Dunaliella tertiolecta (Chlorophyceae, Volvocales) with comparative notes on three other species","volume":"20","author":"Hoshaw","year":"1981","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.33.3.543","article-title":"Flagellar motion and fine structure of the flagellar apparatus in Chlamydomonas","volume":"33","author":"Ringo","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1768-322X.1988.tb00725.x","article-title":"Ciliary beat and cell motility of Dunaliella: Computer analysis of high speed microcinematography","volume":"62","author":"Schoevaert","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.10142","article-title":"Orientation of the central pair complex during flagellar bend formation in Chlamydomonas","volume":"56","author":"Mitchell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Motil. Cytoskelet."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2013.02.006","article-title":"Optical trapping of microalgae at 735\u20131064 nm: Photodamage assessment","volume":"121","author":"Jezek","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11759","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.011759","article-title":"Under-filling trapping objectives optimizes the use of the available laser power in optical tweezers","volume":"22","author":"Mahamdeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.34.000977","article-title":"Calibration of ligh forces in optical tweezers","volume":"34","author":"Felgner","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16052","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15904-6","article-title":"Influence of experimental parameters on the laser heating of an optical trap","volume":"7","author":"Marsa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8817.2000.99218.x","article-title":"Chlamydomonas flagella","volume":"36","author":"Mitchell","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1210548110","article-title":"Ciliary contact interactions dominate surface scattering of swimming eukaryotes","volume":"110","author":"Kantsler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258102","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.115.258102","article-title":"Microalgae Scatter off Solid Surfaces by Hydrodynamic and Contact Forces","volume":"115","author":"Contino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01275550","article-title":"Flagella-dependent gliding motility in Chlamydomonas","volume":"106","author":"Bloodgood","year":"1981","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Lara-Alva, M.A. (2018). Development of a Biophotonic System with a Laser Diode for Imaging Living Microorganisms in a Cuvette. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico]."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02457.x","article-title":"Specific and non-specific interactions in bacterial adhesion to solid substrata","volume":"3","author":"Busscher","year":"1987","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2017.1299681","article-title":"Biofouling in photobioreactors for marine microalgae","volume":"37","author":"Zeriouh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2005.10.006","article-title":"Sensitive, real-time monitoring of UV-induced stress in a single, live plant cell using an optical trap","volume":"115","author":"Dharmadhikari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.01.049","article-title":"Flagella-generated forces reveal gear-type motor in single cells of the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","volume":"380","author":"Gudipati","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3547653","article-title":"Optical trapping and manipulation of viruses and bacteria","volume":"235","author":"Ashkin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.50.1.333","article-title":"Photoprotection revisited: Genetic and molecular approaches","volume":"50","author":"Niyogi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juarez-Alvarez, B.A., De la Torre, D., Garces, V.G., Cordero-Esquivel, B., Sanchez-Lopez, J.D., O\u2019Donnell, K.A., and Spalding, G.C. (2019, January 11\u201315). Motility assessment of green biflagellated microalgae in an optical trap using back focal plane interferometry. Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XVI, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2529506"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salinas-Whittaker, S., G\u00f3mez-Guti\u00e9rrez, C.M., Cordero-Esquivel, B., Luque, P.A., and Guerra-Rivas, G. (2020). Effects of the water-soluble fraction of the mixture fuel oil\/diesel on the microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta through growth. 27, 35148\u201335160.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09796-9"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(95)80396-6","article-title":"Evidence for localized cell heating induced by infrared optical tweezers","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"105","article-title":"Zur Kenntnis der phototaktischen Richtungsbewegungen","volume":"58","author":"Buder","year":"1917","journal-title":"Jhb. Wiss. Bot."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"105","article-title":"Reaktionsintensitat und Stimmungsanderung in ihrer Bedeutung fur eine Theorie der Phototaxis","volume":"68","author":"Mainx","year":"1929","journal-title":"Arch. Protistenk."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.125.5.1119","article-title":"On the localization of voltage-sensitive calcium channels in the flagella of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","volume":"125","author":"Beck","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.86.2.446","article-title":"Calcium Control of Waveform in Isolated Flagellar Axonemes of Chlamydomonas","volume":"86","author":"Bessen","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"337","article-title":"Singlet oxygen production in photosynthesis","volume":"56","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14469","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00252a013","article-title":"\u03b2-Carotene quenches singlet oxygen formed by isolated photosystem II reaction centers","volume":"33","author":"Telfer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1139\/B06-098","article-title":"Energy balance, organellar redox status, and acclimation to environmental stress","volume":"84","author":"Wilson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm952","article-title":"Intraflagellar transport","volume":"3","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)93009-0","article-title":"Chapter 9\u2014Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy of Chlamydomonas Flagella","volume":"Volume 93","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods in Cell Biology"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/19\/5656\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:16:08Z","timestamp":1760177768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/19\/5656"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s20195656"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20195656","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]}}}