{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:41:22Z","timestamp":1792168882048,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16SV7931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16SV7931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In hospitals, continuous monitoring of vital parameters can provide valuable information about the course of a patient\u2019s illness and allows early warning of emergencies. To enable such monitoring without restricting the patient\u2019s freedom of movement and comfort, a radar system is attached under the mattress which consists of four individual radar modules to cover the entire width of the bed. Using radar, heartbeat and respiration can be measured without contact and through clothing. By processing the raw radar data, the presence of a patient can be determined and movements are categorized into the classes \u201cbed exit\u201d, \u201cbed entry\u201d, and \u201con bed movement\u201d. Using this information, the vital parameters can be assessed in sections where the patient lies calmly in bed. In the first step, the presence and movement classification is demonstrated using recorded training and test data. Next, the radar was modified to perform vital sign measurements synchronized to a gold standard device. The evaluation of the individual radar modules shows that, regardless of the lying position of the test person, at least one of the radar modules delivers accurate results for continuous monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20205827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T09:02:03Z","timestamp":1602752523000},"page":"5827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Continuous In-Bed Monitoring of Vital Signs Using a Multi Radar Setup for Freely Moving Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6884-6051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Schellenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High-Frequency Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9825-3927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kilin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electronics Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1689-0960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Michler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electronics Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4948-9655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Lurz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High-Frequency Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3131-1800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Weigel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electronics Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9071-5661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Koelpin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High-Frequency Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"Unexpected deaths and referrals to intensive care of patients on general wards. 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