{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:22:47Z","timestamp":1760239367788,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this work is a proof of concept, that medical Internet of Things (IoT) sterilization surveillance sensors can be powered by using the heat during a steam sterilization procedure. Hereby, the focus was on the use of thermo-electrical generators (TEG) to generate enough power for an ultra-low-power sensor application. Power generation requirement of the sensor was 1.6 mW over the single sterilization cycle. The thermal gradient across the TEG has been achieved using a highly efficient aerogel-foam-based thermal insulation, shielding a heat storage unit (HSU), connected to one side of the TEG. The evaluation of the developed system was carried out with thermal and electrical simulations based on the parameters extracted from the TEG manufacturer\u2019s datasheet. The developed model has been validated with a real prototype using the thermal step response method. It was important for the authors to focus on rapid-prototyping and using off-the-shelf devices and materials. Based on comparison with the physical prototype, the SPICE model was adjusted. With a thermal gradient of 12 \u00b0C, the simulated model generated over 2 mW of power. The results show that a significant power generation with this system is possible and usable for sensor applications in medial IoT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20216338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T09:03:04Z","timestamp":1604653384000},"page":"6338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Modeling and Implementation of TEG-Based Energy Harvesting System for Steam Sterilization Surveillance Sensor Node"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2363-7912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Daniol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Boehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3677-713X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryszard","family":"Sroka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B. Braun Aesculap AG, D-78532 Tuttlingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanan, R., and Elhassan, O. (2016, January 13\u201315). Batteryless radio system for hospital application. 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