{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:16:18Z","timestamp":1790601378195,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Li Ning Sports Science Research Center","award":["0000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0000"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001777","name":"University of Wollongong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001777","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This present review includes a systematic search for peer-reviewed articles published between March 2009 and March 2020 that evaluated the effects of wearable devices with biofeedback on the biomechanics of running. The included articles did not focus on physiological and metabolic metrics. Articles with patients, animals, orthoses, exoskeletons and virtual reality were not included. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 417 articles were first identified, and nineteen were selected following the removal of duplicates and articles which did not meet the inclusion criteria. Most reviewed articles reported a significant reduction in positive peak acceleration, which was found to be related to tibial stress fractures in running. Some previous studies provided biofeedback aiming to increase stride frequencies. They produced some positive effects on running, as they reduced vertical load in knee and ankle joints and vertical displacement of the body and increased knee flexion. Some other parameters, including contact ground time and speed, were fed back by wearable devices for running. Such devices reduced running time and increased swing phase time. This article reviews challenges in this area and suggests future studies can evaluate the long-term effects in running biomechanics produced by wearable devices with biofeedback.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20226637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T10:46:26Z","timestamp":1605782786000},"page":"6637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Effects of Wearable Devices with Biofeedback on Biomechanical Performance of Running\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9487-9735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Giraldo-Pedroza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"},{"name":"Applied Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering Research (AMBER) Group, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2119-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Winson Chiu-Chun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"},{"name":"Applied Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering Research (AMBER) Group, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8692-2206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wing-Kai","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, China"},{"name":"Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Beijing 101111, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2713-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robyn","family":"Coman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences &amp; Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6527-2881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gursel","family":"Alici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"},{"name":"Applied Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering Research (AMBER) Group, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"},{"name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong Innovation Campus, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-015-0007-y","article-title":"Running economy: Measurement, norms, and determining factors","volume":"1","author":"Barnes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med. 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