{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:22:01Z","timestamp":1790252521636,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 107-2113-M-027-005-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107-2113-M-027-005-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EEQ\/2016\/000427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EEQ\/2016\/000427"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Perovskite and graphene-based nanocomposites have attracted much attention and been proven as promising candidates for both gas (H2S and NH3) and electrochemical (H2O2, CH3OH and glucose) sensor applications. In this review, the development of portable sensor devices on the sensitivity, selectivity, cost effectiveness, and electrode stability of chemical and electrochemical applications is summarized. The authors are mainly focused on the common analytes in gas sensors such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and electrochemical sensors including non-enzymatic glucose, hydrazine, dopamine, and hydrogen peroxide. Finally, the article also addressed the stability of composite performance and outlined recent strategies for future sensor perspectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20236755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T09:04:15Z","timestamp":1606381455000},"page":"6755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Graphene and Perovskite-Based Nanocomposite for Both Electrochemical and Gas Sensor Applications: An Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Tse-Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasu","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, The Madura College, Vidya Nagar, Madurai 625 011, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shen-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei, University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2865-8838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ganesan","family":"Anushya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, S.A.V Sahaya Thai Arts and Science (Women) College, Sahayam Nagar, Kumarapuram Road, Vadakkankulam, Tirunelveli 627 116, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumarasamy","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128551","article-title":"Impedancemetric-type NO2 sensor based on non-stoichimetric perovskite type sensing electrode using multiple response signals","volume":"321","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2019.06.230","article-title":"Highly sensitive and low detection limit of resistive NO2 gas sensor based on a MoS2\/graphene two-dimensional heterostructure","volume":"492","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2015.12.101","article-title":"Electrochemical properties of Ce-doped SrFeO3 perovskites-modified electrodes towards hydrogen peroxide oxidation","volume":"190","author":"Deganello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-5805(20)60473-5","article-title":"An electrochemical sensors for dopamine detection based on the electrode of a poly-tryptophane-functionalized graphene composite","volume":"35","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Carbon Mater."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shellaiah, M., and Sun, K.W. (2020). Review on Sensing Applications of Perovskite Nanomaterials. Chemo Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors8030055"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01539a017","article-title":"Preparation of graphite oxide","volume":"80","author":"Hummers","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04235","article-title":"Experimental observations of the quantum hall effect and Berry\u2019s phase in graphene","volume":"438","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coelec.2018.03.016","article-title":"Graphene-based nanomaterials in innovative electrochemistry","volume":"10","author":"Szunerits","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin Electrochem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9635","DOI":"10.3390\/s120709635","article-title":"A survey on Gas Sensing Technology","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122980","article-title":"Graphene supported organic-inorganic layered double hydroxides and their environmental applications: A review","volume":"273","author":"Wani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2020.06.065","article-title":"Back-interface regulation for carbon-based perovskite solar cells","volume":"168","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2020.122798","article-title":"A non-enzymatic urea sensor based on the nickel sulfide\/graphene oxide modify glassy carbon electrode","volume":"245","author":"Saravanan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2011.10.025","article-title":"A novel non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on Cu nanoparticle modified graphene sheets electrode","volume":"709","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.110123","article-title":"A sensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor based on acicular manganese dioxide modified graphene nanosheets composite for hydrogen peroxide detection","volume":"190","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3980","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200901478","article-title":"Simple and innovative route to prepare a novel carbon nanotube\/Prussian blue electrode and its utilization as a highly sensitive H2O2 amperometric sensors","volume":"19","author":"Nossol","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2012.12.068","article-title":"Electrochemical behavior of graphene\/nafion\/azurene I\/Au nanoparticles composites modified glassy carbon electrode and its applications as non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor","volume":"90","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synthmet.2019.116272","article-title":"Facile fabrication and enhanced properties of copper-based metal organic framework incorporated with graphene for non-enzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide","volume":"260","author":"Golsheikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Synth. Met."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17753","DOI":"10.1021\/am504263e","article-title":"Visible-light-assisted electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol using reduced graphene oxide modified Pt nanoflower-TiO2 nanotube arrays","volume":"6","author":"Zhai","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2020.125067","article-title":"3D NiCr-layered double hydroxide\/reduced graphene oxide sand rose-like structure as bifunctional electrode catalyst for methanol oxidation","volume":"602","author":"Gamil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloid Surfaces A"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2018.01.107","article-title":"In situ decoration of Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide for high performance ethanol sensor","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ceramic Int."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.03.055","article-title":"Flexible and highly sensitive H2S gas sensor based on in situ polymerized SnO2\/rGO\/PANI ternary nanocomposite with application in halitosis diagnosis","volume":"289","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.03.100","article-title":"In situ deposited flower-like Bi2MoO6 microspheres thin film based sensors for highly selective detection of Ppb-level H2S at low temperature","volume":"247","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.07.199","article-title":"Simple one-pot polyol synthesis of Pd nanoparticles, TiO2 micro rods and reduced graphene oxide ternary composite for sensing NH3 gas at room temperature","volume":"254","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rezaei, B., and Irannejad, N. (2019). Electrochemical detection techniques in biosensor applications. Electrochem. Biosens., 11\u201343.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816491-4.00002-4"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36422","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36422","article-title":"Alshareef. Novel amperometric glucose biosensor based on MXene nanocomposite","volume":"6","author":"Rakhi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5112","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TC06836H","article-title":"Non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors based on polyaniline\/reduced-graphene-oxide nanocomposites functionalized with silver nanoparticles","volume":"8","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.024","article-title":"DF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040","volume":"128","author":"Ogurtsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-012-9972-3","article-title":"Diabetes and cancer I: Risk, survival, and implications for screening","volume":"23","author":"Onitilo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"7","article-title":"Acute administration of aqueous extract of Garcinia kola on daily blood glucose level and selected biochemical indices in longevity wistar albino rats","volume":"1","author":"Chinedu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1021\/jf040319t","article-title":"The application of biosensors to fresh produce and the wider food industry","volume":"53","author":"Terry","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"381A","article-title":"Can continuous glucose monitoring be used for the treatment of diabetes?","volume":"64","author":"Reach","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11271","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b03151","article-title":"Electrochemical Glucose Sensing: Is There Still Room for Improvement?","volume":"88","author":"Nery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200700728","article-title":"New nanostructured TiO2 for direct electrochemistry and glucose sensor applications","volume":"18","author":"Bao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1021\/cs200124a","article-title":"Perspective of Recent Progress in Immobilization of Enzymes","volume":"1","author":"Tran","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NJ02156A","article-title":"Facile synthesis of perovskite-type NdNiO3 nanoparticles for an effective electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose biosensor","volume":"41","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.03.081","article-title":"Perovskite LaTiO3-Ag0.2 nanomaterials for non-enzymatic glucose sensor with high performance","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2012.07.039","article-title":"A novel non-enzymatic sensor based on LaNi0.6Co0.4O3 modified electrode for hydrogen peroxide and glucose","volume":"745","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2010.09.052","article-title":"A novel sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on perovskite LaNi0.5Ti0.5O3-modified carbon paste electrode","volume":"151","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.01.012","article-title":"High-performance non-enzymatic perovskite sensor for hydrogen peroxide and glucose electrochemical detection","volume":"244","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.202000062","article-title":"Design of a New Non-enzymatic Sensor Based on a Substituted A2BO4+\u03b4 Perovskite for the Voltammetric Detection of Glucose","volume":"32","author":"Boubezari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32905","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c07943","article-title":"Functional channel of SWCNTs\/Cu2O\/ZnO NRs\/graphene hybrid electrodes for highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensors","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39151","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b11867","article-title":"MOF-Derived Porous Ni2P\/Graphene Composites with Enhanced Electrochemical Properties for Sensitive Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1021\/am200563f","article-title":"One-step electrochemical synthesis of PtNi nanoparticle-graphene nanocomposites for nonenzymatic amperometric glucose detection","volume":"3","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-016-1890-8","article-title":"Enhanced non-enzymatic amperometric sensing of glucose using Co(OH)2 nanorods deposited on a three dimensional graphene network as an electrode material","volume":"183","author":"Shackery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Occupational exposure tohydrazines: Treatment of acute central nervous system toxicity","volume":"74","author":"Zelnick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1021\/tx0498915","article-title":"Integrated metabonomic analysis of the multiorgan effects of hydrazine toxicity in the rat","volume":"18","author":"Garrod","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4611","DOI":"10.1021\/ac5007552","article-title":"Unique tri-output optical probe for specific and ultrasensitive detection of hydrazine","volume":"86","author":"Cui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CC48304E","article-title":"Hydrazine detection in the gas state and aqueous solution based on the Gabriel mechanism and its imaging in living cells","volume":"50","author":"Cui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2019.113443","article-title":"The distinctive sensing performance of cobalt ion in LaBO3 perovskite (B = Fe, Mn, Ni, or Cr) for hydrazine electrooxidation","volume":"851","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B345","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0221809jes","article-title":"Smart Perovskite Sensors: The Electrocatalytic Activity of SrPdO3 for Hydrazine Oxidation","volume":"165","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1166\/sam.2015.2025","article-title":"One-pot synthesis of graphene supported CuO nanorods for the electrochemical hydrazine sensor applications","volume":"7","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12272","DOI":"10.1021\/ac503446q","article-title":"Palladium nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide rotating disk electrodes toward ultrasensitive hydrazine detection: Effects of particle size and hydrodynamic diffusion","volume":"86","author":"Krittayavathananon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-015-1609-2","article-title":"Gold nanoparticle based optical and electrochemical sensing of dopamine","volume":"182","author":"Yusoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F116","DOI":"10.1149\/1.3456629","article-title":"Carbon paste gold nano particles sensor for the selective determination of dopamine in buffered solutions","volume":"157","author":"Atta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4684","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CS60477B","article-title":"Chemical sensing of neurotransmitters","volume":"43","author":"Pradhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11994","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NJ02282A","article-title":"A facile, solid-state reaction assisted synthesis of a berry-like NaNbO3 perovskite structure for binder-free, highly selective sensing of dopamine in blood samples","volume":"43","author":"Durai","year":"2019","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2013.09.101","article-title":"Nano-perovskite carbonpaste composite electrode for the simultaneous determination of dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid","volume":"128","author":"Atta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110631","article-title":"Facile synthesis of large area pebble-like \u03b2-NaFeO2 perovskite for simultaneous sensing of dopamine, uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine inhuman blood","volume":"109","author":"Durai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"5570","article-title":"A facile synthesis of lafeo3-based perovskites and their application towards sensing of neurotransmitters","volume":"2","author":"Vijayaraghavan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Sel."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25957","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA03467H","article-title":"Detection of the neurotransmitter dopamine by a glassy carbon electrode modified with self assembled perovskite LaFeO3 microspheres madeup of nanospheres","volume":"4","author":"Thirumalairajan","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.05.024","article-title":"Direct electrochemical reduction of hematite decorated graphene oxide (\u03b1-Fe2O3@erGO) nanocomposite for selective detection of Parkinson\u2019s disease biomarker","volume":"115","author":"Mathew","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2017.08.038","article-title":"Hierarchical and hybrid RGO\/ZIF-8 nanocomposite as electrochemical sensor for ultrasensitive determination of dopamine","volume":"801","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2017.01.012","article-title":"A facile electrochemical sensor based on well-dispersed graphene-molybdenum disulfide modified electrode for highly sensitive detection of dopamine","volume":"786","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9459","DOI":"10.1021\/ac5009699","article-title":"Highly sensitive graphene-Pt nanocomposites amperometric biosensors and its applications in living cell H2O2 detection","volume":"86","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1039\/b209698f","article-title":"Study of carbon nanotubes-HRP modified electrode and its application for novel on-line biosensors","volume":"128","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-005-3205-5","article-title":"Silver nanoparticle assemblies supported on glassy-carbon electrode for the electro-analytical detection of hydrogen peroxide","volume":"382","author":"Welch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2004.10.001","article-title":"Simple and fast spectrophotometric determination of H2O2 in photo-fenton reaction using metavanadat","volume":"66","author":"Nogueira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1021\/ac950864g","article-title":"Analytical properties and sensor size effects of micrometer-sized optical fiber glucose biosensor","volume":"68","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2009.02.048","article-title":"Electrochemical glucose sensing based on one-step construction of gold nanoparticle-chitosan composite film","volume":"138","author":"Feng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4327","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.6b04964","article-title":"Synthesis of palladium ZnFe2O4 functionalized reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite as H2O2 detector","volume":"56","author":"Ning","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7989","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.9b02032","article-title":"Programmable laser patterning of Ag nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide hybrid electrode for non enzymatic hydrogen peroxide detection","volume":"2","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b04070","article-title":"3D network and 2D paper of reduced graphene oxide\/Cu2O composite for electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide","volume":"90","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34715","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b11758","article-title":"Atomic thick PtNi nanowires assembled on graphene for high sensitivity extra-cellular hydrogen peroxide sensors","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2009.07.038","article-title":"Characterization of carbon paste electrodes modified with manganese based perovskites-type oxides from the amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide","volume":"142","author":"Luque","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtice.2018.08.032","article-title":"Dry particle coating preparation of highly conductive LaMnO3@C composite for the oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen peroxide sensing","volume":"93","author":"Karuppiah","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2019.01.201","article-title":"A non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on dendrimer functionalized magnetic graphene oxide decorated with palladium nanoparticle","volume":"478","author":"Baghayeri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.06.080","article-title":"Rapid and selective H2S detection of hierarchical ZnSnO3 nanocages","volume":"159","author":"Zeng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1967","article-title":"Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene","volume":"6","author":"Schedin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.10.051","article-title":"Fabrication of undoped-TiO2 nanostructure-based NO2 high temperature gas sensor using low frequency AC electrophoretic deposition method","volume":"161","author":"Esmaeilzadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6699","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201303230","article-title":"High-Performance Sensors Based on Molybdenum Disulfide Thin Films","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(02)00292-7","article-title":"Gas sensitive GaN\/AlGaN-heterostructures","volume":"87","author":"Schalwig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4018","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200701504","article-title":"A nitrogen dioxide sensor based on an organic transistor constructed from amorphous semiconducting polymers","volume":"19","author":"Das","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2008.04.003","article-title":"Solid-state potentiometric SO2 sensor combining NASICON with V2O5-doped TiO2 electrode","volume":"134","author":"Liang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.2298\/JSC0407563M","article-title":"Study of sulfur dioxide adsorption on Y zeolite","volume":"69","author":"Marcu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Serb. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1039\/C2NR33201A","article-title":"\u03b1-Fe2O3 nano chains: Ammonium acetate-based ionothermal synthesis and ultrasensitive sensors for low-ppm-level H2S gas","volume":"5","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1021\/am405088q","article-title":"Selective Detection of Acetone and Hydrogen Sulfide for the Diagnosis of Diabetes and Halitosis Using SnO2 Nanofibers Functionalized with Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets","volume":"6","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6714","DOI":"10.1039\/C3TA15180H","article-title":"A High Efficiency H2S Gas Sensor Material: Paper like Fe2O3\/Graphene Nanosheets and Structural Alignment Dependency of Device Efficiency","volume":"2","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.04.036","article-title":"Synthesis of MoO3\/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrids and Mechanism of Enhancing H2S Sensing Performances","volume":"216","author":"Bai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.08.072","article-title":"Co3O4-SWCNT Composites for H2S Gas Sensor Application","volume":"222","author":"Moon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5409","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.9b01038","article-title":"Co3O4 Hollow Nanosphere-Decorated Graphene Sheets for H2S Sensing near Room Temperature","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26293","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b04969","article-title":"Hierarchical NiO Cube\/Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite with Enhanced H2S Sensing Properties at Low Temperature","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9976","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b00754","article-title":"Impedance Spectroscopy-Based Reduced Graphene Oxide-Incorporated ZnO Composite Sensor for H2S Investigations","volume":"4","author":"Balasubramani","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"1","article-title":"ZnO Nanosheets Modified with Graphene Quantum Dots and SnO2 Quantum Nanoparticles for Room-Temperature H2S Sensing","volume":"224","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enhancement of H2S-sensing performances with Fe-doping in CaCu3Ti4O12 thin films prepared by a sol-gel method","volume":"6","author":"Pongpaiboonkul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fabrication of water-dispersible and highly conductive PSS-doped PANI\/graphene nanocomposites using a high-molecular weight PSS dopant and their application in H2S detection","volume":"7","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hierarchical nano hybrids of B- and N-co-doped graphene\/mesoporous NiO nanodisks: An exciting new material for selective sensing of H2S at near ambient temperature","volume":"254","author":"Shanmugasundaram","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2019.07.119","article-title":"Cuprous oxide nanowires\/nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets: Sensitive and selective H2S detection at low temperature","volume":"254","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enhanced H2S Gas Sensing Properties Based on SnO2 Quantum Wire\/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites: Equilibrium and Kinetics Modeling","volume":"826","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2020.154169","article-title":"Enhanced H2S gas-sensing performance of \u03b1-Fe2O3 nanofibers by optimizing process conditions and loading with reduced graphene oxide","volume":"826","author":"Hung","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enhancement of H2S sensing performance of p-CuO nanofibers by loading p-reduced graphene oxide nanosheets","volume":"282","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.11.157","article-title":"Excellent detection of H2S gas at ppb concentrations using ZnFe2O4 nanofibers loaded with reduced graphene oxide","volume":"282","author":"Hung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.02.134","article-title":"Facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide\/hexagonal WO3 nanosheets composites with enhanced H2S sensing properties","volume":"230","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"1","article-title":"Highly selective detection of sulfur hexafluoride decomposition components H2S and SOF2 employing sensors based on tin oxide modified reduced graphene oxide","volume":"257","author":"Chu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"1","article-title":"Highly sensitive chemiresistive H2S gas sensor based on graphene decorated with Ag nanoparticles and charged impurities","volume":"77","author":"Ovsianytskyi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2008.10.001","article-title":"H2S sensing properties of nanocrystalline Sr2FeO.6NiO.4MoO6 thick film prepared by sol\u2013gel citrate method","volume":"77","author":"Chaudhari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"1","article-title":"H2S sensing characteristics of Ni-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 films synthesized by a sol-gel method","volume":"296","author":"Boontum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.126661","article-title":"Nanocrystalline LaCoO3 modified by Ag nanoparticles with improved sensitivity to H2S","volume":"296","author":"Chumakova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2015.03.034","article-title":"Selective hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sensors based on molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanoparticle decorated reduced graphene oxide","volume":"38","author":"MalekAlaie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08675-3","article-title":"Amine-Responsive Cellulose-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Materials for Real-Time and Visual Detection of Shrimp and Crab Freshness","volume":"10","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.8b01216","article-title":"In Vivo and In Vitro Monitoring of Amyloid Aggregation via BSA@FGQDs Multimodal Probe","volume":"4","author":"Yousaf","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1021\/nl049826f","article-title":"Polymeric Nanowire Chemical Sensor","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b02805","article-title":"Vehicle Emissions as an Important Urban Ammonia Source in the United States and China","volume":"51","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6462","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b15669","article-title":"Layer-by-Layer Self-assembly of Co3O4 Nanorod-Decorated MoS2 Nanosheet-Based Nanocomposite toward High-Performance Ammonia Detection","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-018-01338-3","article-title":"Ammonia and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Field Ultisol Amended with Tithonia Green Manure, Urea, and Biochar","volume":"55","author":"Fungo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201001110","article-title":"Textile-Based Flexible Electroluminescent Devices","volume":"21","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2015.08.002","article-title":"MoS2 Graphene Fiber Based Gas Sensing Devices","volume":"95","author":"Niu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"aac9439","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac9439","article-title":"2D Materials and van der Waals Heterostructures","volume":"353","author":"Novoselov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9378","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b00825","article-title":"Graphene\/Nickel Oxide-Based Nanocomposite of Polyaniline with Special Reference to Ammonia Sensing","volume":"3","author":"Ahmad","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b14952","article-title":"High Sensitivity, Humidity-Independent, Flexible NO2 and NH3 Gas Sensors Based on SnS2 Hybrid Functional Graphene Ink","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.9b00882","article-title":"3D Hollow Quasi-Graphite Capsules\/Polyaniline Hybrid with a High Performance for Room-Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensors","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20623","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c00578","article-title":"Green Synthesis of 3D Chemically Functionalized Graphene Hydrogel for High-Performance NH3 and NO2 Detection at Room Temperature","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10434","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b21765","article-title":"Room-Temperature, Highly Durable Ti3C2TxMXene\/Graphene Hybrid Fibers for NH3 Gas Sensing","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.09.078","article-title":"An Ammonia Sensor Composed of Polypyrrole Synthesized on Reduced Graphene Oxide by Electropolymerization","volume":"224","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fabrication of a flexible single-yarn NH3 gas sensor by layer-by-layer self-assembly of graphene oxide","volume":"241","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_125","first-page":"1","article-title":"Facile preparation of polypyrrole-reduced graphene oxide hybrid for enhancing NH3 sensing at room temperature","volume":"125","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2020.110810","article-title":"Facile synthesis of ultrafine rGO\/WO3 nanowire nanocomposites for highly sensitive toxic NH3 gas sensors","volume":"125","author":"Hung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_127","first-page":"1","article-title":"High ammonia sensitive ability of novel Cu12Sb4S13 quantum dots@reduced graphene oxide nanosheet composites at room temperature","volume":"789","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.03.124","article-title":"High-performance room temperature NH3 gas sensors based on polyaniline-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite sensitive membrane","volume":"789","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alloy Compd."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2014.08.044","article-title":"Low-cost and flexible printed graphene\u2013PEDOT:PSS gas sensor for ammonia detection","volume":"15","author":"Seekaew","year":"2014","journal-title":"Org. Electron."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.12.126","article-title":"Miniature fiber-optic NH3 gas sensor based on Pt nanoparticle-incorporated graphene oxide","volume":"244","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.09.091","article-title":"NH3 gas sensor based on Pd\/SnO2\/RGO ternary composite operated at room-temperature","volume":"223","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reduced Graphene Oxide-CuFe2O4 Nanocomposite: A Highly Sensitive Room Temperature NH3 Gas Sensor","volume":"272","author":"Satish","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.05.162","article-title":"Studies on NH3 gas sensing by zinc oxide nanowire-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites","volume":"252","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synthmet.2013.09.034","article-title":"The NH3 sensing properties of gas sensors based on aniline reduced graphene oxide","volume":"186","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Synth. Met."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/23\/6755\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:37:35Z","timestamp":1760179055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/23\/6755"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["s20236755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20236755","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]}}}