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The plea for exploitation of full potential offered by the complex (bio)impedance measurement is emphasized through theoretical and experimental analysis. A non-invasive, low-cost reliable sensor to measure skin impedance is designed with off-the-shelf components. This is a second generation prototype for pain detection, quantification, and modeling, with the objective to be used in fully anesthetized patients undergoing surgery. The 2D and 3D time\u2013frequency, multi-frequency evaluation of impedance data is based on broadly available signal processing tools. Furthermore, fractional-order impedance models are implied to provide an indication of change in tissue dynamics correlated with absence\/presence of nociceptor stimulation. The unique features of the proposed sensor enhancements are described and illustrated here based on mechanical and thermal tests and further reinforced with previous studies from our first generation prototype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20236765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T09:04:15Z","timestamp":1606381455000},"page":"6765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Bioimpedance Sensor and Methodology for Acute Pain Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0391-3270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihaela","family":"Ghita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Dynamical Systems and Control, Ghent University, Tech Lane Science Park 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"EEDT\u2014Core Lab on Decision and Control, Flanders Make Consortium, Tech Lane Science Park 131, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Neckebroek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Ghent University Hospital, C. 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