{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:37:22Z","timestamp":1790419042923,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant Nos. NRF-2019R1A2C1088680 2018R1C1B6009385, 2018M3A9F1023690, and 2018M3A9F1023691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Nos. NRF-2019R1A2C1088680 2018R1C1B6009385, 2018M3A9F1023690, and 2018M3A9F1023691"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that produces a progressive inflammatory response that leads to severe pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints of hands and feet, followed by irreversible damage of the joints. The authors developed a miniaturized, label-free electrochemical impedimetric immunosensor for the sensitive and direct detection of arthritis Anti-CCP-ab biomarker. An interdigitated-chain-shaped microelectrode array (ICE) was fabricated by taking the advantage of microelectromechanical systems. The fabricated ICE was modified with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of Mercaptohexanoic acid (MHA) for immobilization of the synthetic peptide bio-receptor (B-CCP). The B-CCP was attached onto the surface of SAM modified ICE through a strong avidin-biotin bio-recognition system. The modified ICE surface with the SAM and bio-molecules (Avidin, B-CCP, Anti-CCP-ab and BSA) was morphologically and electrochemically characterized. The change in the sensor signal upon analyte binding on the electrode surface was probed through the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) property of charge-transfer resistance (Rct) of the modified electrodes. EIS measurements were target specific and the sensor response was linearly increased with step wise increase in target analyte (Anti-CCP-ab) concentrations. The developed sensor showed a linear range for the addition of Anti-CCP-ab between 1 IU mL\u22121 \u2192 800 IU mL\u22121 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and Human serum (HS), respectively. The sensor showed a limit of detection of 0.60 IU mL\u22121 and 0.82 IU mL\u22121 in the PBS and HS, respectively. The develop bio-electrode showed a good reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD), 1.52%), selectivity and stability (1.5% lost at the end of 20th day) with an acceptable recovery rate (98.0% \u2192 101.18%) and % RSD\u2019s for the detection of Anti-CCP-ab in spiked HS samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21010124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T10:33:56Z","timestamp":1609151636000},"page":"124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Early Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis Biomarker: Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody in Human Serum Based on Avidin-Biotin System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8170-0652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Somasekhar R.","family":"Chinnadayyala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3839-6410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungbo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.111642","article-title":"Label-free electrochemical impedimetric immunosensor for sensitive detection of IgM rheumatoid factor in human serum","volume":"143","author":"Chinnadayyala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. 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