{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:53:11Z","timestamp":1760233991845,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAS19\/00168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAS19\/00168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Prometeo\/2017\/102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Prometeo\/2017\/102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MTM2016-76647-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MTM2016-76647-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["263 VR2019-04272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["263 VR2019-04272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Crafoord Foundation","award":["20200605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200605"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice. Currently, catheter ablation for pulmonary-vein isolation is a well-established treatment for maintaining sinus rhythm when antiarrhythmic drugs do not succeed. Unfortunately, arrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation remains common, with estimated rates of up to 45%. A better understanding of factors leading to atrial-fibrillation recurrence is needed. Hence, the aim of this study is to characterize changes in the atrial propagation pattern following pulmonary-vein isolation, and investigate the relation between such characteristics and atrial-fibrillation recurrence. Fifty patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who had undergone catheter ablation were included in this study. Time-segment and vectorcardiogram-loop-morphology analyses were applied to characterize P waves extracted from 1 min long 12-lead electrocardiogram segments before and after the procedure, respectively. Results showed that P-wave vectorcardiogram loops were significantly less round and more planar, P waves and PR intervals were significantly shorter, and heart rate was significantly higher after the procedure. Differences were larger for patients who did not have arrhythmia recurrences at 2 years of follow-up; for these patients, the pre- and postprocedure P waves could be identified with 84% accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21051923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T21:36:21Z","timestamp":1615325781000},"page":"1923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization of Changes in P-Wave VCG Loops Following Pulmonary-Vein Isolation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5272-7661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"Ortigosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"I.U. Matem\u00e1tica Pura y Aplicada, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, Edif. 8E, Acceso F, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6783-0138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Cardiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitari i Polit\u00e8cnic La Fe, Planta 4-Torre F, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1956-6333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frida","family":"Sandberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hindricks, G., Potpara, T., Dagres, N., Arbelo, E., Bax, J.J., Blomstr\u00f6m-Lundqvist, C., Boriani, G., Castella, M., Dan, G.-A., and Dilaveris, P.E. (2020). 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur. 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