{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T01:09:15Z","timestamp":1784768955654,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou","award":["2019050001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019050001"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology","award":["2017B030301007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017B030301007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute rhinosinusitis is a common infectious disease, which, in more than 90% of cases, is caused by viruses rather than by bacteria. Even so, antibiotics are often unnecessarily prescribed, and in the long run this contributes to the alarming level of antibiotics resistance. The reason is that there are no good guiding tools for defining the background reason of the infection. One main factor for the clearance of the infection is if there is non-obstructed ventilation from the sinus to the nasal cavity. Gas in Scattering Media Absorption Spectroscopy (GASMAS) has potential for diagnosing this. We have performed a study of frontal sinuses of volunteers with a focus on signal stability and reproducibility over time, accurate oxygen concentration determination, and assessment of gas transport through passages, naturally and after decongestant spray administration. Different from earlier studies on frontal sinuses, water vapor, serving the purpose of oxygen signal normalization, was measured at 818 nm rather than earlier at 937 nm, now closer to the 760 nm oxygen absorption band and thus resulting in more reliable results. In addition, the action of decongestants was objectively demonstrated for the first time. Evaluated oxygen concentration values for left- and right-hand side sinus cavities were found to agree within 0.3%, and a left-right geometrical asymmetry parameter related to anatomical differences was stable within 10%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21134413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T02:05:37Z","timestamp":1624845937000},"page":"4413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gas Monitoring in Human Frontal Sinuses\u2013Stability Considerations and Gas Exchange Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Han","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9139-7506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yueyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4948-6972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sune","family":"Svanberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Lund Laser Centre, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Svanberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Lund Laser Centre, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-6-200103200-00016","article-title":"Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute sinusitis in adults","volume":"134","author":"Snow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. 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