{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:24:14Z","timestamp":1792081454070,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["109-2224-E-011-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109-2224-E-011-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["108-2221-E-011-076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108-2221-E-011-076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Constant light power operation of an ultraviolet (UV) LED based on portable low-cost instrumentation and a monolithically integrated monitoring photodiode (MPD) has been reported for the first time. UV light irradiation has become one of the essential measures for disinfection and sterilization. Monitoring and maintaining a specified light power level is important to meet the criteria of sterilization. We built a module composed of a monolithically integrated UV LED and MPD, a transimpedance amplifier, an Arduino Uno card, a digital-to-analog converter and a Bluetooth transceiver. An Android App that we wrote remotely controlled the UV LED module via Bluetooth. The Arduino Uno card was programmed to receive demands from the smartphone, sent a driving voltage to the LED and returned the present MPD voltage to the smartphone. A feedback loop was used to adjust the LED voltage for maintaining a constant light output. We successfully demonstrated the functioning of remote control of the App, and the resultant UV LED measured power remained the same as the setting power. This setup can also be applied to visible or white LEDs for controlling\/maintaining mixed light\u2019s chromaticity coordinates or color temperature. With such controlling and internet capability, custom profiling and maintenance of precision lighting remotely would be possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T10:50:38Z","timestamp":1625827838000},"page":"4707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Constant Optical Power Operation of an Ultraviolet LED Controlled by a Smartphone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ching-Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Han","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chia","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8443-2374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinghui S.","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"095017","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6641\/aad765","article-title":"Degradation behavior of AlGaN-based 233 nm deep-ultraviolet light emitting diodes","volume":"33","author":"Glaab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semicond. 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