{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:56:42Z","timestamp":1791953802950,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Gatsby Foundation","award":["GAT3676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAT3676"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) constitute an increasing global burden and can significantly impair an individual\u2019s mobility, physical activity (PA), and independence. Remote monitoring has been difficult without relying on diaries\/questionnaires which are more challenging for people with dementia to complete. Wearable global positioning system (GPS) sensors and accelerometers present a cost-effective and noninvasive way to passively monitor mobility and PA. In addition, changes in sensor-derived outcomes (such as walking behaviour, sedentary, and active activity) may serve as potential biomarkers of disease onset, progression, and response to treatment. We performed a systematic search across four databases to identify papers published within the past 5 years, in which wearable GPS or accelerometers were used to monitor mobility or PA in patients with common NDDs (Parkinson\u2019s disease, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, motor neuron diseases\/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, vascular parkinsonism, and vascular dementia). Disease and technology-specific vocabulary were searched singly, and then in combination, identifying 4985 papers. Following deduplication, we screened 3115 papers and retained 28 studies following a full text review. One study used wearable GPS and accelerometers, while 27 studies used solely accelerometers in NDDs. GPS-derived measures had been validated against current gold standard measures in one Parkinson\u2019s cohort, suggesting that the technology may be applicable to other NDDs. In contrast, accelerometers are widely utilised in NDDs and have been operationalised in well-designed clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21248261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T08:17:58Z","timestamp":1639124278000},"page":"8261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Wearable GPS and Accelerometer Technologies for Monitoring Mobility and Physical Activity in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9695-6378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00edche\u00e1l","family":"\u00d3 Breasail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3995-2693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bijetri","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4685-375X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK"},{"name":"Older Peoples Unit, Royal United Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bath BN1 3NG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9303-6541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md","family":"Mazhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2330-8844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Tenison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9133-9808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anisha","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4542-7924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona","family":"Lithander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Roudaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0016-1870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK"},{"name":"Older Peoples Unit, Royal United Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bath BN1 3NG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30295-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinson\u2019s disease, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"17","author":"Dorsey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5541","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S200490","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019 s Disease Diagnostics and Therapeutics Market","volume":"2019","author":"Tiwari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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