{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T22:50:06Z","timestamp":1791672606186,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Instrumented mouthguards (iMG) were used to collect head acceleration events (HAE) in men\u2019s professional rugby league matches. Peak linear acceleration (PLA), peak angular acceleration (PAA) and peak change in angular velocity (\u0394PAV) were collected using custom-fit iMG set with a 5 g single iMG-axis recording threshold. iMG were fitted to ten male Super League players for thirty-one player matches. Video analysis was conducted on HAE to identify the contact event; impacted player; tackle stage and head loading type. A total of 1622 video-verified HAE were recorded. Approximately three-quarters of HAE (75.7%) occurred below 10 g. Most (98.2%) HAE occurred during tackles (59.3% to tackler; 40.7% to ball carrier) and the initial collision stage of the tackle (43.9%). The initial collision stage resulted in significantly greater PAA and \u0394PAV than secondary contact and play the ball tackle stages (p &lt; 0.001). Indirect HAE accounted for 29.8% of HAE and resulted in significantly greater \u0394PAV (p &lt; 0.001) than direct HAE, but significantly lower PLA (p &lt; 0.001). Almost all HAE were sustained in the tackle, with the majority occurring during the initial collision stage, making it an area of focus for the development of player protection strategies for both ball carriers and tacklers. League-wide and community-level implementation of iMG could enable a greater understanding of head acceleration exposure between playing positions, cohorts, and levels of play.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T03:14:03Z","timestamp":1642130043000},"page":"584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Quantification of Head Acceleration Events in Rugby League: An Instrumented Mouthguard and Video Analysis Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Tooby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"},{"name":"Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Weaving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK"},{"name":"Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds LS5 3BW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwan","family":"Al-Dawoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds LS5 3BW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Tierney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK"},{"name":"Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, School of Sport, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1ED, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-020-00263-w","article-title":"Correction to: Quantifying the Collision Dose in Rugby League: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Critical Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Naughton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med.-Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410310001641638","article-title":"Influence of training and match intensity on injuries in rugby league","volume":"22","author":"Gabbett","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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