{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T14:12:29Z","timestamp":1783433549934,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This case report is aimed to demonstrate the synergetic effects of \u03bb940 nm laser photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy in augmenting the advantages of high-level-laser treatment (HLLT)-mediated reaction orthodontic periodontal interface management. Materials and Methods: A 32-year-old female who presented with a persistent gummy smile of upper incisors and low upper midline frenum attachment post-orthodontic treatment, was seeking a better smile appearance. She had a history of delayed wound healing without underlying medical conditions; otherwise, she was fit and healthy. She underwent laser ablation of the upper midline frenum and gingivoplasty of the upper incisors region with \u03bb940 nm and \u03bb2780, respectively, as well as transcutaneous PBM therapy (\u03bb940 nm) to accelerate wound healing. The laser protocols were as follows: \u03bb2780 nm: power output\u20142 W, pulse width\u201460 \u03bcs, free running pulse (FRP), spot area\u20140.0016 cm2, pulse repetition rate\u201425 pulses per second (s), 80 mJ\/pulse, 90 s, \u03bb940 nm: 1.2 W, continuous wave (CW) emission mode, 300 \u03bcm, 60 s; whereas the adjunctive \u03bb940 nm induced-PBM parameters were as follows: power output\u20141.4 W, CW\u2014120 s, single application, spot area\u20142.8 cm2. An acceleration of the wound healing was observed on the 4th day of treatment with no immediate or post-operative complications. The results showed no functional or aesthetic relapses at a long-term follow-up of 6 months. The authors concluded that \u03bb940 nm laser-PBM can provide a synergetic effect to HLLT in accelerating wound healing and offering a precision smile with minimal to none post-operative complications. It is safe and justifiable to utilise dual therapy over the conventional methods, which serves our patients\u2019 needs in our daily practice and in various clinical indications. The concept and laser protocols of this clinical case report can pave the roadmap for future extensive studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22062263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T03:36:23Z","timestamp":1647401783000},"page":"2263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Novel Concept of Combined High-Level-Laser Treatment and Transcutaneous Photobiomodulation Therapy Utilisation in Orthodontic Periodontal Interface Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2882-2156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reem","family":"Hanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6941-7267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Pawelczyk-Madali\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Rybacka 1, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"FAN-DENT Centrum Stomatologii i Periodontologii, Juliusza S\u0142owackiego 71\/2, 80-257 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tudor","family":"S\u0103l\u0103gean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Measurements and Exact Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mircea Emil","family":"Nap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Measurements and Exact Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7166-9949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana Roxana","family":"Bordea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Rehabilitation, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Benedicenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2019.12.003","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches to a \u201cGummy Smile\u201d","volume":"64","author":"Dym","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent. 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