{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:03:31Z","timestamp":1789621411965,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) represents an integral of modern diabetes management, however, there is still a lack of sensor performance data when rapidly consuming different liquids and thus changing total body water. 18 healthy adults (ten females, age: 23.1 \u00b1 1.8 years, BMI 22.2 \u00b1 2.1 kg\u00b7m\u22122) performed four trial visits consisting of oral ingestion (12 mL per kg body mass) of either a 0.9% sodium chloride, 5% glucose or Ringer\u2019s solution and a control visit, in which no liquid was administered (control). Sensor glucose levels (Dexcom G6, Dexcom Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) were obtained at rest and in 10-min intervals for a period of 120 min after solution consumption and compared against reference capillary blood glucose measurements. The overall MedARD [IQR] was 7.1% [3.3\u201310.8]; during control 5.9% [2.7\u201310.8], sodium chloride 5.0% [2.7\u201310.2], 5% glucose 11.0% [5.3\u201321.6] and Ringer\u2019s 7.5% [3.1\u201313.2] (p &lt; 0.0001). The overall bias [95% LoA] was 4.3 mg\u00b7dL\u22121 [\u221219 to 28]; during control 3.9 mg\u00b7dL\u22121 [\u221211 to 18], sodium chloride 4.8 mg\u00b7dL\u22121 [\u22129 to 19], 5% glucose 3.6 mg\u00b7dL\u22121 [\u221233 to 41] and Ringer\u2019s solution 4.9 mg\u00b7dL\u22121 [\u221213 to 23]. The Dexcom G6 CGM system detects glucose with very good accuracy during liquid solution challenges in normoglycemic individuals, however, our data suggest that in people without diabetes, sensor performance is influenced by different solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22093104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T00:22:43Z","timestamp":1650414163000},"page":"3104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Accuracy of Real Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring during Different Liquid Solution Challenges in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7761-9261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janis R.","family":"Schierbauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svenja","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Haupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca T.","family":"Zimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate E. M.","family":"Zunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine B.","family":"Wachsmuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max L.","family":"Eckstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Aberer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3510-9594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harald","family":"Sourij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Othmar","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.2337\/dci19-0028","article-title":"Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation: Recommendations from the international consensus on time in range","volume":"42","author":"Battelino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680700100513","article-title":"Continuous glucose profiles in healthy subjects under everyday life conditions and after different meals","volume":"1","author":"Freckmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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