{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T01:15:19Z","timestamp":1782436519990,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ONR","award":["N00014-20-1-2141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-20-1-2141"]}]},{"name":"Kuwait University","award":["N00014-20-1-2141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-20-1-2141"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The evolution of mobile mapping systems (MMSs) has gained more attention in the past few decades. MMSs have been widely used to provide valuable assets in different applications. This has been facilitated by the wide availability of low-cost sensors, advances in computational resources, the maturity of mapping algorithms, and the need for accurate and on-demand geographic information system (GIS) data and digital maps. Many MMSs combine hybrid sensors to provide a more informative, robust, and stable solution by complementing each other. In this paper, we presented a comprehensive review of the modern MMSs by focusing on: (1) the types of sensors and platforms, discussing their capabilities and limitations and providing a comprehensive overview of recent MMS technologies available in the market; (2) highlighting the general workflow to process MMS data; (3) identifying different use cases of mobile mapping technology by reviewing some of the common applications; and (4) presenting a discussion on the benefits and challenges and sharing our views on potential research directions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22114262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T08:01:18Z","timestamp":1654243278000},"page":"4262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["A Review of Mobile Mapping Systems: From Sensors to Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5369-1023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa","family":"Elhashash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geospatial Data Analytics Lab, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hessah","family":"Albanwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geospatial Data Analytics Lab, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5896-1379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongjun","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geospatial Data Analytics Lab, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12518-018-0222-6","article-title":"Mobile mapping systems in civil engineering projects (case studies)","volume":"11","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. 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