{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:11:54Z","timestamp":1788927114789,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea Grant","award":["2020R1A2B5B01002145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2B5B01002145"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea Grant","award":["GCU-202206210001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202206210001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Korea Government (MSIT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A2B5B01002145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2B5B01002145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Korea Government (MSIT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GCU-202206210001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202206210001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Gachon University research fund","award":["2020R1A2B5B01002145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2B5B01002145"]}]},{"name":"Gachon University research fund","award":["GCU-202206210001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202206210001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bone tumors, such as osteosarcomas, can occur anywhere in the bones, though they usually occur in the extremities of long bones near metaphyseal growth plates. Osteosarcoma is a malignant lesion caused by a malignant osteoid growing from primitive mesenchymal cells. In most cases, osteosarcoma develops as a solitary lesion within the most rapidly growing areas of the long bones in children. The distal femur, proximal tibia, and proximal humerus are the most frequently affected bones, but virtually any bone can be affected. Early detection can reduce mortality rates. Osteosarcoma\u2019s manual detection requires expertise, and it can be tedious. With the assistance of modern technology, medical images can now be analyzed and classified automatically, which enables faster and more efficient data processing. A deep learning-based automatic detection system based on whole slide images (WSIs) is presented in this paper to detect osteosarcoma automatically. Experiments conducted on a large dataset of WSIs yielded up to 99.3% accuracy. This model ensures the privacy and integrity of patient information with the implementation of blockchain technology. Utilizing edge computing and fog computing technologies, the model reduces the load on centralized servers and improves efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T22:38:50Z","timestamp":1658443130000},"page":"5444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["IoMT-Based Osteosarcoma Cancer Detection in Histopathology Images Using Transfer Learning Empowered with Blockchain, Fog Computing, and Edge Computing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1443-8065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Umar","family":"Nasir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Riphah School of Computing & Innovation, Faculty of Computing, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safiullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5545-6668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahid","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riphah School of Computing & Innovation, Faculty of Computing, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4854-9935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Adnan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Lab., Department of Software, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6696-277X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atta-ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4240-6255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong Oun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, May 25). American Cancer Society. Available online: https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/osteosarcoma\/about\/key-statistics.html#:~:text=Osteosarcoma%20is%20not%20a%20common,ages%20of%2010%20and%2030."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21708","article-title":"Cancer Statistics 2022","volume":"72","author":"Seigel","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. 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