{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T10:13:21Z","timestamp":1775470401021,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["MOST 109-2221-E-320-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2221-E-320-003"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["MOST 110-2221-E-320-005-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2221-E-320-005-MY2"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["MOST 110-2221-E-040-004-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2221-E-040-004-MY2"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["TCRPP109001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCRPP109001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Tactile Internet enables physical touch to be transmitted over the Internet. In the context of electronic medicine, an authenticated key agreement for the Tactile Internet allows surgeons to perform operations via robotic systems and receive tactile feedback from remote patients. The fifth generation of networks has completely changed the network space and has increased the efficiency of the Tactile Internet with its ultra-low latency, high data rates, and reliable connectivity. However, inappropriate and insecure authentication key agreements for the Tactile Internet may cause misjudgment and improper operation by medical staff, endangering the life of patients. In 2021, Kamil et al. developed a novel and lightweight authenticated key agreement scheme that is suitable for remote surgery applications in the Tactile Internet environment. However, their scheme directly encrypts communication messages with constant secret keys and directly stores secret keys in the verifier table, making the scheme vulnerable to possible attacks. Therefore, in this investigation, we discuss the limitations of the scheme proposed by Kamil scheme and present an enhanced scheme. The enhanced scheme is developed using a one-time key to protect communication messages, whereas the verifier table is protected with a secret gateway key to mitigate the mentioned limitations. The enhanced scheme is proven secure against possible attacks, providing more security functionalities than similar schemes and retaining a lightweight computational cost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22207941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:58:51Z","timestamp":1666141131000},"page":"7941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Enhanced Authenticated Key Agreement for Surgical Applications in a Tactile Internet Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8454-5803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian-Fu","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Zhongyang Road, Sec. 3, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5547-3919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiucai","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3058577, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Zhongyang Road, Sec. 3, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6513-9212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Chang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, South District, Taichung City 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Information Management, Ming Chuan University, No. 5 De Ming Rd., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7470948","article-title":"The tactile internet: Vision, recent progress, and open challenges","volume":"54","author":"Maier","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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