{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:23:57Z","timestamp":1790555037439,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The subsheath of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon, a component of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC), is particularly important as it dynamically stabilizes the distal radioulnar joint. However, the relationship between TFCC injury and ECU dynamics remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze ECU movement and morphology using ultrasonography (US) images. Twenty wrists of patients with TFCC injury, who underwent TFCC repair, were included in the injury group, and 20 wrists of healthy volunteers were in the control group. For static image analysis, curvature and linearity ratios of the ECU in US long-axis images captured during radioulnar deviation were analyzed. For dynamic analysis of the ECU, the wrist was moved from radial deviation to ulnar deviation at a constant speed, and the velocity of the tendon was analyzed using particle image velocimetry. The static analysis showed that the ECU tendon was more curved in ulnar deviation in the injury group than in the control group, and the dynamic analysis showed that only vertical velocity toward the deep side during ulnar deviation was higher in the injury group. These results suggest that TFCC injury caused ECU curvature during ulnar deviation and increased the vertical velocity of the ECU during wrist deviation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22218216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T04:35:17Z","timestamp":1666845317000},"page":"8216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Motion Analysis of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris in Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injury Using Ultrasonography Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shuya","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 5-2, Kusunoki-cho 7, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0806-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsuyuki","family":"Inui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 5-2, Kusunoki-cho 7, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Mifune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 5-2, Kusunoki-cho 7, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanako","family":"Nishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 5-2, Kusunoki-cho 7, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7613-5521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoya","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 5-2, Kusunoki-cho 7, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4122-7119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Issei","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 5-2, Kusunoki-cho 7, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 5-2, Kusunoki-cho 7, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 5-2, Kusunoki-cho 7, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaya","family":"Kusunose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 5-2, Kusunoki-cho 7, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 5-2, Kusunoki-cho 7, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(81)80170-0","article-title":"The triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist\u2014Anatomy and function","volume":"6","author":"Palmer","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. 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