{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:55:38Z","timestamp":1783472138103,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]],"date-time":"2022-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"President of the Russian Federation for the State Support of Young PhD Scientists","award":["MK-4815.2022.1.4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MK-4815.2022.1.4"]}]},{"name":"President of the Russian Federation for the State Support of Young PhD Scientists","award":["075-15-2022-530 (C4422MK)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2022-530 (C4422MK)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microbial mediator biosensors for surface water toxicity determination make it possible to carry out an early assessment of the environmental object\u2019s quality without time-consuming standard procedures based on standard test-organisms, and provide broad opportunities for receptor element modifying depending on the required operational parameters analyzer. Four microorganisms with broad substrate specificity and nine electron acceptors were used to form a receptor system for toxicity assessment. Ferrocene was the most effective mediator according to its high rate constant of interaction with the microorganisms (0.33 \u00b1 0.01 dm3\/(g \u00d7 s) for yeast Saccharomyces\u00a0cerevisiae). Biosensors were tested on samples containing four heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+), two phenols (phenol and p-nitrophenol), and three natural water samples. The \u00abferrocene- Escherichia coli\u00bb and \u00abferrocene-Paracoccus yeei, E. coli association\u00bb systems showed good operational stability with a relative standard deviation of 6.9 and 7.3% (14 measurements) and a reproducibility of 7 and 5.2% using copper (II) ions as a reference toxicant. Biosensor analysis with these systems was shown to highly correlate with the results of the standard method using Chlorella algae as a test object. Developed biosensors allow for a valuation of the polluted natural water\u2019s impact on the ecosystem via an assessment of the influence on bacteria and yeast in the receptor system. The systems could be used in toxicological monitoring of natural waters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22218522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T03:02:22Z","timestamp":1667790142000},"page":"8522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Mediator Microbial Biosensor Analyzers for Rapid Determination of Surface Water Toxicity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0451-8080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kharkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Tula State University, 92 Lenin Avenue, Tula 300012, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5449-7353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vyacheslav","family":"Arlyapov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Tula State University, 92 Lenin Avenue, Tula 300012, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Medvedeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Tula State University, 92 Lenin Avenue, Tula 300012, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Lepikash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Tula State University, 92 Lenin Avenue, Tula 300012, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8438-1952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Melnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA\u2014Russian Technological University, Prospect Vernadskogo 86, Moscow 119571, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9607-253X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anatoly","family":"Reshetilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center \u201cPushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences\u201d (FRC PSCBR), Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Nauki Avenue, Moscow 142290, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2017.1343659","article-title":"A review on recent applications of high-performance liquid chromatography in metal determination and speciation analysis","volume":"47","author":"Rekhi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Anal. 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