{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T10:41:21Z","timestamp":1770720081001,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]],"date-time":"2022-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR-2019-12370757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR-2019-12370757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A0375-2020-36724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A0375-2020-36724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009880","name":"Regione Lazio","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR-2019-12370757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR-2019-12370757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009880","name":"Regione Lazio","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A0375-2020-36724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A0375-2020-36724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurorehabilitation research in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) showed how vestibular rehabilitation (VR) treatments positively affect concussion-related symptoms, but no studies have been carried out in patients with severe TBI (sTBI) during post-acute intensive neurorehabilitation. We aimed at testing this effect by combining sensor-based gait analysis and clinical scales assessment. We hypothesized that integrating VR in post-acute neurorehabilitation training might improve gait quality and activity of daily living (ADL) in sTBI patients. A two-arm, single-blind randomized controlled trial with 8 weeks of follow-up was performed including thirty sTBI inpatients that underwent an 8-week rehabilitation program including either a VR or a conventional program. Gait quality parameters were obtained using body-mounted magneto-inertial sensors during instrumented linear and curvilinear walking tests. A 4X2 mixed model ANOVA was used to investigate session\u2013group interactions and main effects. Patients undergoing VR exhibited improvements in ADL, showing early improvements in clinical scores. Sensor-based assessment of curvilinear pathways highlighted significant VR-related improvements in gait smoothness over time (p &lt; 0.05), whereas both treatments exhibited distinct improvements in gait quality. Integrating VR in conventional neurorehabilitation is a suitable strategy to improve gait smoothness and ADL in sTBI patients. Instrumented protocols are further promoted as an additional measure to quantify the efficacy of neurorehabilitation treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22218553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T03:02:22Z","timestamp":1667790142000},"page":"8553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Vestibular Rehabilitation Improves Gait Quality and Activities of Daily Living in People with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6034-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Tramontano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9893-1804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Belluscio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9055-3981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Bergamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Allevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Verdecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2516-0540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Formisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2359-6076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Vannozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1307-8707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Gabriella","family":"Buzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2019.11.001","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury: An overview of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and medical management","volume":"104","author":"Capizzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.05.017","article-title":"Demographics and clinical assessment working group of the international and interagency initiative toward common data elements for research on traumatic brain injury and psychological health. Position statement: Definition of traumatic brain injury","volume":"91","author":"Menon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-005-0651-y","article-title":"A systematic review of brain injury epidemiology in Europe","volume":"148","author":"Tagliaferri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(16)30017-2","article-title":"Epidemiology of traumatic brain injuries in Europe: A cross-sectional analysis","volume":"1","author":"Majdan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1582182","article-title":"Rehabilitation treatment and progress of traumatic brain injury dysfunction","volume":"2017","author":"Dang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617717000182","article-title":"Social behavior and impairments in social cognition following traumatic brain injury","volume":"23","author":"May","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2843","article-title":"Costs of care after traumatic brain injury","volume":"30","author":"Ponsford","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70120-6","article-title":"The Glasgow Coma Scale at 40 years: Standing the test of time","volume":"13","author":"Teasdale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3233\/JVR-130638","article-title":"Functional limitations in TBI and their relationship to job maintenance following work re-entry","volume":"39","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vocat. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kobeissy, F.H. (2015). Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)-induced spasticity: Neurobiology, treatment, and rehabilitation. Brain Neurotrauma: Molecular, Neuropsychological, and Rehabilitation Aspects, CRC Press\/Taylor & Francis.","DOI":"10.1201\/b18126"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"115","article-title":"Post-traumatic cerebellar syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Formisano","year":"1987","journal-title":"New Trends Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/0031512518809203","article-title":"Physical performance and fall risk in persons with traumatic brain injury","volume":"126","author":"Klima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Ski."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2003.50034","article-title":"An assessment of gait and balance deficits after traumatic brain injury","volume":"84","author":"Basford","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fino, P.C., Peterka, R.J., Hullar, T.E., Murchison, C., Horak, F.B., Chesnutt, J.C., and King, L.A. (2017). Assessment and rehabilitation of central sensory impairments for balance in mTBI using auditory biofeedback: A randomized clinical trial. BMC Neurol., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-017-0812-7"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170816","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2017.0816","article-title":"Control of human gait stability through foot placement","volume":"15","author":"Bruijn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"S35","article-title":"Body-worn sensors for remote monitoring of parkinson\u2019s disease motor symptoms: Vision, state of the art, and challenges ahead","volume":"11","author":"Kirk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Park. Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-018-0398-3","article-title":"SPARC: A new approach to quantifying gait smoothness in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Beck","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia, F.D.V., da Cunha, M.J., Schuch, C.P., Schifino, G.P., Balbinot, G., and Pagnussat, A.S. (2021). Movement smoothness in chronic post-stroke individuals walking in an outdoor environment\u2014A cross-sectional study using IMU sensors. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250100"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080121","article-title":"Walking skill can be assessed in older adults: Validity of the Figure-of-8 Walk Test","volume":"90","author":"Hess","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belluscio, V., Bergamini, E., Tramontano, M., Formisano, R., Buzzi, M.G., and Vannozzi, G. (2020). Does curved walking sharpen the assessment of gait disorders? An instrumented approach based on wearable inertial sensors. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20185244"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2013.766274","article-title":"The Figure-of-Eight Walk test: Reliability and associations with stroke-specific impairments","volume":"35","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.12.010","article-title":"The iFST: An instrumented version of the Fukuda Stepping Test for balance assessment","volume":"60","author":"Belluscio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.11.017","article-title":"Efficacy of vestibular rehabilitation in patients with neurologic disorders: A systematic review","volume":"102","author":"Tramontano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-020-01166-y","article-title":"Cerebellar intermittent theta-burst stimulation combined with vestibular rehabilitation improves gait and balance in patients with multiple sclerosis: A preliminary double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Tramontano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"709","article-title":"Vestibular rehabilitation has positive effects on balance, fatigue and activities of daily living in highly disabled multiple sclerosis people: A preliminary randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Tramontano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Restor. Neurol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-182427","article-title":"Vestibular rehabilitation training in patients with subacute stroke: A preliminary randomized controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"Tramontano","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1123\/mc.2015-0089","article-title":"The effect of vestibular stimulation on motor functions of children with cerebral palsy","volume":"21","author":"Tramontano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mot. Control"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-130874","article-title":"Vestibular rehabilitation following mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"32","author":"Gurley","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2011-0691","article-title":"Vestibular rehabilitation after mild traumatic brain injury with vestibular pathology","volume":"29","author":"Gottshall","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Revised ed., Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"94","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Disability Rating Scale and the Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale in monitoring recovery from severe head injury","volume":"68","author":"Gouvier","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90044-2","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury: Efficacy of multidisciplinary rehabilitation","volume":"79","author":"Semlyen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"7536862","article-title":"Blindfolded balance training in patients with parkinson\u2019s disease: A sensory-motor strategy to improve the gait","volume":"2016","author":"Tramontano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Park. Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"176","article-title":"Neurophysiological and clinical effects of blindfolded balance training (BBT) in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients: A preliminary study","volume":"55","author":"Ponzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2020.1825809","article-title":"The effects of aquatic therapy during post-acute neurorehabilitation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: A preliminary randomized controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Curcio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Inj."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/77.8.812","article-title":"predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"77","author":"Baldwin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.08.013","article-title":"The Dynamic Gait Index in healthy older adults: The role of stair climbing, fear of falling and gender","volume":"29","author":"Herman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/26.4.261","article-title":"Circumstances and consequences of falls in independent community-dwelling older adults","volume":"26","author":"Berg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215506072183","article-title":"The Community Balance and Mobility Scale-a balance measure for individuals with traumatic brain injury","volume":"20","author":"Howe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belluscio, V., Bergamini, E., Tramontano, M., Bustos, A.O., Allevi, G., Formisano, R., Vannozzi, G., and Buzzi, M.G. (2019). Gait quality assessment in survivors from severe traumatic brain injury: An instrumented approach based on inertial sensors. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19235315"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-019-02098-4","article-title":"Gait event detection using inertial measurement units in people with transfemoral amputation: A comparative study","volume":"58","author":"Simonetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Summa, A., Vannozzi, G., Bergamini, E., Iosa, M., Morelli, D., and Cappozzo, A. (2016). Multilevel upper body movement control during gait in children with cerebral palsy. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151792"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558771","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.558771","article-title":"Estimating movement smoothness from inertial measurement units","volume":"8","author":"Shirota","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(02)00159-5","article-title":"Acceleration patterns of the head and pelvis when walking on level and irregular surfaces","volume":"18","author":"Menz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-1094-x","article-title":"Walking speed, cadence and step length are selected to optimize the stability of head and pelvis accelerations","volume":"184","author":"Latt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2010-0568","article-title":"Early detection of non-ambulatory survivors six months after stroke","volume":"26","author":"Duarte","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glq170","article-title":"Validation of a measure of smoothness of walking","volume":"66","author":"Brach","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02736.x","article-title":"Human walking along a curved path. I. Body trajectory, segment orientation and the effect of vision","volume":"18","author":"Courtine","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00532","article-title":"Walking along curved trajectories. Changes with age and parkinson\u2019s disease. hints to rehabilitation","volume":"10","author":"Godi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2019.00049","article-title":"Postural changes during exteroceptive thin plantar stimulation: The effect of prolonged use and different plantar localizations","volume":"13","author":"Tramontano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.16.04203-9","article-title":"Maintaining gait stability during dual walking task: Effects of age and neurological disorders","volume":"53","author":"Tramontano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5405680","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5405680","article-title":"Usefulness of magnetoinertial wearable devices in neurorehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy","volume":"2018","author":"Iosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Bionics Biomech."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibror.2018.06.002","article-title":"Quantifying turning behavior and gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease using mobile technology","volume":"5","author":"Ozinga","year":"2018","journal-title":"IBRO Rep."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06803-8","article-title":"Clinical value of the video head impulse test in patients with vestibular neuritis: A systematic review","volume":"278","author":"Manzari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2020.18012020","article-title":"Selective asymmetry of ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential in patients with acute utricular macula loss","volume":"17","author":"Manzari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Int. Adv. Otol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manzari, L., De Angelis, S., Princi, A.A., Galeoto, G., and Tramontano, M. (2022). The clinical use of the Suppression Head Impulse Paradigm in patients with vestibulopathy: A systematic review. Healthcare, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10071182"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/21\/8553\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:11:35Z","timestamp":1760145095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/21\/8553"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["s22218553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22218553","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]]}}}