{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:17:55Z","timestamp":1774311475792,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan MOST","award":["110-2221-E-182-063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2221-E-182-063"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>MEMS based 3D double stacked tower pixel biosensor 10 \u00d7 10 array with integration of readout circuit for detection of saliva pH ion is demonstrated. The pixel biosensor comprised a driving electrode, sensing electrode and double stack tower pixel structure. The sensitivity of double stacked tower biosensor can be auxiliary enhanced by proposed lower-jitter low dropout regulator circuit and dual offset cancellation comparator. The double stacked tower sensor is fabricated by MEMS backend-of-line CMOS process, it is compatible with CMOS frontend readout circuits and integrated as a system-on-chip (SoC). The double stacked tower pixel by MEMS process is to obtain a larger volume ratio of charge groups in a pixel of biosensor to enhance the sensitivity and linearity for ion detection. With the double stacked tower structure in biosensor, the sensitivity is improved by 31% than that of single tower structure proved by simulation. A wide-range linearity from pH 2.0 to pH 8.3, high sensitivity of \u221221 ADC counts\/pH (or 212 mV\/pH), response time of 5 s, repetition of 98.9%, and drift over time of 0.5 mV are achieved. Furthermore, the proposed biosensor was performed to confirm the artificial saliva from healthy gingiva, chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis, the measured ADC counts from proposed biosensor SoC was in consistent of that measured cyclic voltametric (CV) method very well. The proposed 3D double stack tower biosensor and readout circuit can be further integrated with internet-of-thing (IoT) device and NFC for data transmission for continuous pH sensing to facilitate the chronic gingiva disease health care at home.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22228652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T02:11:15Z","timestamp":1668046275000},"page":"8652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["MEMSbased Double-Stacked Tower Biosensor Array with Integrated Readout Circuitry for Detection of Salivary pH as a Diagnostic Biomarker Applied for Chronic Periodontal Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9248-6850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Cheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Trauma and Emergency, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345900690060801","article-title":"Effect of pH on the growth and proteolytic activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Bacteroides Intermedius","volume":"69","author":"Takahashi","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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