{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T12:33:36Z","timestamp":1781354016656,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]],"date-time":"2022-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Cochlear implants (CI) have been developed to enable satisfying verbal communication, while music perception has remained in the background in both the research and technological development, thus making CI users dissatisfied by the experience of listening to music. Indications for clinicians to test and train music abilities are at a preliminary stage compared to the existing and well-established hearing and speech rehabilitation programs. The main aim of the present study was to test the utility of the application of two different patient reporting outcome (PRO) measures in a group of CI users. A secondary objective was to identify items capable of driving the indication and design specific music rehabilitation programs for CI patients. Materials and Methods: A consecutive series of 73 CI patients referred to the Audiology Unit, University of Padova, was enrolled from November 2021 to May 2022 and evaluated with the audiological battery test and PRO measures: Musica e Qualit\u00e0 della Vita (MUSQUAV) and Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ) Italian version. Results: The reliability analysis showed good consistency between the different PRO measures (Cronbach\u2019s alpha = 0.873). After accounting for the epidemiological and clinical variables, the PRO measures showed a correlation with audiological outcomes in only one case (rho = \u22120.304; adj. p = 0.039) for NCIQ-T with the CI-pure tone average. A willingness for musical rehabilitation was present in 63% of patients (Rehab Factor, mean value of 0.791 \u00b1 0.675). Conclusions: We support the role of the application of MUSQUAV and NCIQ to improve the clinical and audiological evaluation of CI patients. Moreover, we proposed a derivative item, called the rehab factor, which could be used in clinical practice and future studies to clarify the indication and priority of specific music rehabilitation programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22228770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T04:30:52Z","timestamp":1668400252000},"page":"8770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Application of Patient Reported Outcome Measures in Cochlear Implant Patients: Implications for the Design of Specific Rehabilitation Programs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1347-4013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Frosolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8581-5660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Badin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Sorrentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Information Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6291-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Brotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Information Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Pessot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4207-6981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Fantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Ceschin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Lovato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Mancuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Vedovelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8751-0588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gino","family":"Marioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosimo","family":"de Filippis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandal\u00e0, M., Mazzocchin, L., Ward, B.K., Viberti, F., Bindi, I., Salerni, L., Colletti, G., Colletti, L., and Colletti, V. 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