{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T15:18:41Z","timestamp":1782314321772,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Cycling is characterized by a sustained sitting posture on the bicycle, where physiologic spinal curvatures are modified from standing to cycling. Therefore, the main objective was to evaluate and compare the morphology of the spine and the core muscle activity in standing posture and cycling at low intensity. (2) Methods: Twelve competitive cyclists participated in the study. Spinal morphology was evaluated using an infrared-camera system. Muscle activation was recorded using a surface electromyography device. (3) Conclusions: The lumbar spine changes its morphology from lordosis in standing to kyphosis (lumbar flexion) when pedaling on the bicycle. The sacral tilt significantly increases its anterior tilt when cycling compared to when standing. The spinal morphology and sacral tilt are dynamic depending on the pedal\u2019s position during the pedal stroke quadrants. The infraspinatus, latissimus dorsi, external oblique, and pectoralis major showed significantly higher activation pedaling than when standing, although with very low values.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22239346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T03:03:41Z","timestamp":1669863821000},"page":"9346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of Dynamic Spinal Morphology and Core Muscle Activation in Cyclists\u2014A Comparison between Standing Posture and on the Bicycle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2849-0323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Muyor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics and Ergonomics (KIBIOMER Lab.), Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Centre, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Antequera-Vique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Centre, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7257-3620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Oliva-Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Centre, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5510-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco M.","family":"Arrabal-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Department, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"325","article-title":"Personal Perspective in Search of an Optimum Cycling Posture","volume":"29","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. 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