{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T10:07:17Z","timestamp":1769854037009,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018712","name":"\u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["35\/172\/17.12.2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["35\/172\/17.12.2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018712","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018712","name":"\u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["35\/194\/17.12.2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["35\/194\/17.12.2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018712","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic hallmark of cancer development but the experimental methods able to prove nanoscale modifications are very scarce. Over time, Raman and its counterpart, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), became one of the most promising techniques capable to investigate nanoscale modifications of DNA bases. In our study, we employed Raman\/SERS to highlight the differences between normal and leukemia DNA samples and to evaluate the effects of a 5-azacytidine treatment on leukemia cells. To obtain spectral information related to DNA base modifications, a DNA incubation step of 4 min at 94 \u00b0C, similar to the one performed in the case of RT-PCR experiments, was conducted prior to any measurements. In this way, reproducible Raman\/SERS spectra were collected for all genomic DNA samples. Our Raman results allowed discrimination between normal and cancer DNAs based on their different aggregation behavior induced by the distinct methylation landscape present in the DNA samples. On the other hand, the SERS spectra collected on the same DNA samples show a very intense vibrational band located at 1008 cm\u22121 assigned to a rocking vibration of 5-methyl-cytosine. The intensity of this band strongly decreases in cancer DNA due to the modification of the methylation landscape occurring in cancers. We believe that under controlled experimental conditions, this vibrational band could be used as a powerful marker for demonstrating epigenetic reprogramming in cancer by means of SERS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T02:54:42Z","timestamp":1672282482000},"page":"346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nanoscale Investigation of DNA Demethylation in Leukemia Cells by Means of Ultrasensitive Vibrational Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Anca","family":"Onaciu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MedFuture\u2014Research Center for Advanced Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Physics & Biophysics, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8322-1180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentin","family":"Toma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedFuture\u2014Research Center for Advanced Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Moldovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedFuture\u2014Research Center for Advanced Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Physics & Biophysics, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9397-0791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian Bogdan","family":"\u021aigu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedFuture\u2014Research Center for Advanced Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Cenariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedFuture\u2014Research Center for Advanced Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Culic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontology, Endodontics, Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rare\u0219 Mario","family":"Bor\u0219a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Fabiola","family":"\u0218tiufiuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, \u201cBabes-Bolyai\u201d University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romulus","family":"Tetean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, \u201cBabes-Bolyai\u201d University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5500-1519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciprian","family":"Tomuleasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedFuture\u2014Research Center for Advanced Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, \u201cIon Chiricuta\u201d Clinical Cancer Center, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6769-1545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rare\u0219 Ionu\u021b","family":"\u0218tiufiuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedFuture\u2014Research Center for Advanced Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, 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