{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:47:32Z","timestamp":1760147252421,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]],"date-time":"2023-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) has a wide range of industrial applications. The most studied natural producers capable of fermenting glycerol to 1,3-PD belong to the genera Klebsiella, Citrobacter, and Clostridium. In this study, the optimization of medium composition for the biosynthesis of 1,3-PD by Citrobacter freundii AD119 was performed using the one-factor-at-a-time method (OFAT) and a two-step statistical experimental design. Eleven mineral components were tested for their impact on the process using the Plackett\u2013Burman design. MgSO4 and CoCl2 were found to have the most pronounced effect. Consequently, a central composite design was used to optimize the concentration of these mineral components. Besides minerals, carbon and nitrogen sources were also optimized. Partial glycerol substitution with other carbon sources was found not to improve the bioconversion process. Moreover, although yeast extract was found to be the best nitrogen source, it was possible to replace it in part with (NH4)2SO4 without a negative impact on 1,3-PD production. As a part of the optimization procedure, an artificial neural network model of the growth of C. freundii and 1,3-PD production was developed as a predictive tool supporting the design and control of the bioprocess under study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T01:36:26Z","timestamp":1674437786000},"page":"1266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Optimization and Modeling of Citrobacter freundii AD119 Growth and 1,3-Propanediol Production Using Two-Step Statistical Experimental Design and Artificial Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Dro\u017cd\u017cy\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6720-891X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Wawrzyniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dairy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8851-912X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Kubiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martyna","family":"Przybylak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Bia\u0142as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Czaczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2009.07.003","article-title":"Microbial production of 1,3-propanediol: Recent developments and emerging opportunities","volume":"27","author":"Saxena","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biotechnol. 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