{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T11:30:41Z","timestamp":1763724641439,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Catania","award":["PIACERI 2020\/22\u2013GOSPEL\/UPB: 61722102132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIACERI 2020\/22\u2013GOSPEL\/UPB: 61722102132"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The dynamic behavior of a Powered Two-Wheeler (PTW) is much more complicated than that of a car, which is due to the strong coupling between the longitudinal and lateral dynamics produced by the large roll angles. This makes the analysis of the dynamics, and therefore the design and synthesis of the controller, particularly complex and difficult. In relation to assistance in dangerous situations, several recent manuscripts have suggested devices with limitations of cornering velocity by proposing restrictive models. However, these models can lead to repulsion by the users of PTW vehicles, significantly limiting vehicle performance. In the present work, the authors developed an Advanced Rider-cornering Assistance System (ARAS) based on the skills learned by riders running across curvilinear trajectories using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Neural Network (NN) techniques. New algorithms that allow the value of velocity to be estimated by prediction accuracy of up to 99.06% were developed using the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Machine Learning (ML) technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T01:36:59Z","timestamp":1675215419000},"page":"1540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Advanced Rider-Cornering-Assistance System for PTW Vehicles Developed Using ML KNN Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Fakhreddine","family":"Jalti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Embedded System and Information Processing, National School of Applied Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bekkay","family":"Hajji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Embedded System and Information Processing, National School of Applied Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0219-211X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Acri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98158 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8753-8804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Cal\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electric, Electronics and Computer Engineering Department, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.11.018","article-title":"Perspectives for motorcycle stability control systems","volume":"44","author":"Seiniger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Accid. 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