{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T17:58:00Z","timestamp":1769191080083,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFB1200602-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFB1200602-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52172375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52172375"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022JC0508ZC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JC0508ZC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFB1200602-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFB1200602-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52172375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52172375"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022JC0508ZC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JC0508ZC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research project of maglev systematization and serialization technology","award":["2016YFB1200602-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFB1200602-15"]}]},{"name":"Research project of maglev systematization and serialization technology","award":["52172375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52172375"]}]},{"name":"Research project of maglev systematization and serialization technology","award":["2022JC0508ZC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JC0508ZC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The elastic deformation of the levitation electromagnet (LM) of the high-speed maglev vehicle brings uneven levitation gaps and displacement differences between measured gap signals and the real gap in the middle of the LM, and then reduces dynamic performances of the electromagnetic levitation unit. However, most of the published literature has paid little attention to the dynamic deformation of the LM under complex line conditions. In this paper, considering the flexibility of the LM and the levitation bogie, a rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model is established to simulate deformation behaviors of the LMs of the maglev vehicle passing through the 650 m radius horizontal curve. Simulated results indicate that the deflection deformation direction of the same LM on the front transition curve is always opposite to that on the rear transition curve. Similarly, the deflection deformation direction of a left LM on the transition curve is opposite to that of the corresponding right LM. Furthermore, deflection deformation amplitudes of the LMs in the middle of the vehicle are always very small (less than 0.2 mm). However, the deflection deformation of the LMs at both ends of the vehicle is considerably large, and the maximum deflection deformation is about 0.86 mm when the vehicle passes at the balance speed. This forms a considerable displacement disturbance for the nominal levitation gap of 10 mm. It is necessary to optimize the supporting structure of the LM at the end of the maglev train in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T02:28:34Z","timestamp":1678069714000},"page":"2785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dynamic Deformation Behaviors of the Levitation Electromagnets of High-Speed Maglev Vehicle Negotiating a Sharp Horizontal Curve"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Qingsong","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track, Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"},{"name":"CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1007-1465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5304-286X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunfa","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4445-2047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wu, X.M. 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