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A previously developed prototype for 3D ultrasound scans based on a standard ultrasound machine and a pose reading sensor was used for this study. Working in a 3D space and processing data using automatic segmentation lowers operator dependency. Additionally, ultrasound imaging is a noninvasive diagnosis method. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based automatic segmentation of the acquired data was performed for the reconstruction and visualization of the scanned area: the carotid artery wall, the carotid artery circulated lumen, soft plaque, and calcified plaque. A qualitative evaluation was conducted via comparing the US reconstruction results with the CT angiographies of healthy and carotid-artery-disease patients. The overall scores for the automated segmentation using the MultiResUNet model for all segmented classes in our study were 0.80 for the IoU and 0.94 for the Dice. The present study demonstrated the potential of the MultiResUNet-based model for 2D-ultrasound-image automated segmentation for atherosclerosis diagnosis purposes. Using 3D ultrasound reconstructions may help operators achieve better spatial orientation and evaluation of segmentation results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T02:28:34Z","timestamp":1678069714000},"page":"2806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["3D Ultrasound Reconstructions of the Carotid Artery and Thyroid Gland Using Artificial-Intelligence-Based Automatic Segmentation\u2014Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of the Segmentation Results via Comparison with CT Angiography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Tudor","family":"Arsenescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Chifor Research SRL, 400068 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8262-2166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu","family":"Chifor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chifor Research SRL, 400068 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5987-9174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiberiu","family":"Marita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Santoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2815-2132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Lebovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, Surgical Specialties Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Radiology and Imaging Department, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Duma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology and Imaging Department, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitalie","family":"Vacaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Neurology Department, Cluj County Emergency Hospital, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandru Florin","family":"Badea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of General Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Update in the treatment of extracranial atherosclerotic disease for stroke prevention","volume":"5","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc. 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