{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T10:36:56Z","timestamp":1784025416367,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2021291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021291"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the realm of providing space-based internet access services, utilizing large-scale low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks have emerged as a promising solution for bridging the digital divide and connecting previously unconnected regions. The deployment of LEO satellites can augment terrestrial networks, with increased efficiency and reduced costs. However, as the size of LEO constellations continues to grow, the routing algorithm design of such networks faces numerous challenges. In this study, we present a novel routing algorithm, designated as Internet Fast Access Routing (IFAR), aimed at facilitating faster internet access for users. The algorithm consists of two main components. Firstly, we develop a formal model that calculates the minimum number of hops between any two satellites in the Walker-Delta constellation, along with the corresponding forwarding direction from source to destination. Then, a linear programming is formulated, to match each satellite to the visible satellite on the ground. Upon receipt of user data, each satellite then forwards the data only to the set of visible satellites that correspond to its own satellite. To validate the efficacy of IFAR, we conduct extensive simulation work, and the experimental results showcase the potential of IFAR to enhance the routing capabilities of LEO satellite networks and improve the overall quality of space-based internet access services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23063207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T03:33:57Z","timestamp":1679024037000},"page":"3207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Rethinking LEO Mega-Constellation Routing to Provide Fast Internet Access Services"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0351-853X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zijian","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of CAS, Shanghai 201203, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of CAS, Shanghai 201203, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1134-1113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jifeng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of CAS, Shanghai 201203, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of CAS, Shanghai 201203, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2020.2976703","article-title":"A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity\u2014Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity","volume":"108","author":"Yaacoub","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. 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