{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:36:09Z","timestamp":1792172169710,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the AID (Agence Innovation D\u00e9fense)"},{"name":"Aix Marseille University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatic steatosis may be caused by type 2 diabetes or obesity and is one of the origins of chronic liver disease. A non-invasive technique based on microwave propagation can be a good solution to monitor hepatic tissue pathologies. The present work is devoted to the dielectric permittivity measurements in healthy and fatty liver in the microwave range. A mouse model following normal and high sugar\/glucose (HFS) diets was used. We demonstrated the change in the triglyceride and glucose concentration in the hepatic tissue of HFS diet mice. The difference in the dielectric permittivity of healthy and fatty liver was observed in the range from 100 MHz to 2 GHz. The dielectric permittivity was found to be 42 in the healthy tissue and 31 in the fatty liver tissue at 1 GHz. The obtained results demonstrate that dielectric permittivity can be a sensitive tool to distinguish between healthy and fatty hepatic tissue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23073434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T03:01:14Z","timestamp":1679886074000},"page":"3434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dielectric and Biological Characterization of Liver Tissue in a High-Fat Diet Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Buisson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9221-5783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"Mounien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavie","family":"Sicard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France"},{"name":"PhenoMARS Aix-Marseille Technology Platform, CriBiom, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8690-8014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Landrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Tishkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7771-3514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Sabouroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2364025","article-title":"A Dielectric Model of Human Breast Tissue in Terahertz Regime","volume":"62","author":"Truong","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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