{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:16:55Z","timestamp":1790702215120,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFE0193900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0193900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22120220642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22120220642"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5200286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5200286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFE0193900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0193900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22120220642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22120220642"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5200286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5200286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFE0193900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0193900"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22120220642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22120220642"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["5200286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5200286"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the changes in human work and lifestyle, the incidence of cervical spondylosis is increasing substantially, especially for adolescents. Cervical spine exercises are an important means to prevent and rehabilitate cervical spine diseases, but no mature unmanned evaluating and monitoring system for cervical spine rehabilitation training has been proposed. Patients often lack the guidance of a physician and are at risk of injury during the exercise process. In this paper, we first propose a cervical spine exercise assessment method based on a multi-task computer vision algorithm, which can replace physicians to guide patients to perform rehabilitation exercises and evaluations. The model based on the Mediapipe framework is set up to construct a face mesh and extract features to calculate the head pose angles in 3-DOF (three degrees of freedom). Then, the sequential angular velocity in 3-DOF is calculated based on the angle data acquired by the computer vision algorithm mentioned above. After that, the cervical vertebra rehabilitation evaluation system and index parameters are analyzed by data acquisition and experimental analysis of cervical vertebra exercises. A privacy encryption algorithm combining YOLOv5 and mosaic noise mixing with head posture information is proposed to protect the privacy of the patient\u2019s face. The results show that our algorithm has good repeatability and can effectively reflect the health status of the patient\u2019s cervical spine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23083825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T03:24:18Z","timestamp":1681097058000},"page":"3825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Intelligent Evaluation Method of Human Cervical Vertebra Rehabilitation Based on Computer Vision"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9584-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiwei","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"},{"name":"Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Shanghai 201210, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heting","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"},{"name":"Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Shanghai 201210, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2385-6146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongpan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"},{"name":"Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Shanghai 201210, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19932820.2020.1730550","article-title":"A survey of chronic pain in China","volume":"15","author":"Yongjun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Libyan J. 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