{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:16:02Z","timestamp":1783422962384,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Indoam\u00e9rica","award":["INV-0014-020-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-0014-020-004"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Indoam\u00e9rica","award":["INV-0014-018-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-0014-018-004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Assistive technology can help people with disabilities to use computers more effectively and can enable them to access the same information and resources as people without disabilities. To obtain more insight into the factors that can bring about the design of an Emulator of Mouse and Keyboard (EMKEY) to higher levels of user satisfaction, an experimental study was conducted in order to analyse its effectiveness and efficiency. The experimental study involved 27 participants (Mage = 20.81, SD = 1.14) who performed three experimental games under different conditions (using the mouse and using EMKEY with head movements and voice commands). According to the results, the use of EMKEY allowed for the successful performance of tasks such as matching stimuli (F(2,78) = 2.39, p = 0.10, \u03b72 = 0.06). However, the execution times of a task were found to be higher when using the emulator to drag an object on the screen (t(52,1) = \u221218.45, p \u2264 0.001, d = 9.60). These results indicate the effectiveness of technological development for people with upper limb disabilities; however, there is room for improvement in terms of efficiency. The findings are discussed in relation to previous research and are based on future studies aimed at improving the operation of the EMKEY emulator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23084049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T06:27:47Z","timestamp":1681712867000},"page":"4049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Experimental Evaluation of EMKEY: An Assistive Technology for People with Upper Limb Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3382-2724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireya","family":"Zapata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Mecatr\u00f3nica y Sistemas Interactivos-MIST, Universidad Indoam\u00e9rica, Av. Machala y Sabanilla, Quito 170103, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3552-1709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Valencia-Arag\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Mecatr\u00f3nica y Sistemas Interactivos-MIST, Universidad Indoam\u00e9rica, Av. Machala y Sabanilla, Quito 170103, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Ramos-Galarza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Mecatr\u00f3nica y Sistemas Interactivos-MIST, Universidad Indoam\u00e9rica, Av. Machala y Sabanilla, Quito 170103, Ecuador"},{"name":"Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre y Roca, Quito 170143, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Eckstein, S.M. (2020). 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