{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T07:33:05Z","timestamp":1770881585793,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The anatomical complexity of brachial plexus injury requires specialized in-depth diagnostics. The clinical examination should include clinical neurophysiology tests, especially with reference to the proximal part, with innovative devices used as sources of precise functional diagnostics. However, the principles and clinical usefulness of this technique are not fully described. The aim of this study was to reinvestigate the clinical usefulness of motor evoked potential (MEP) induced by a magnetic field applied over the vertebrae and at Erb\u2019s point to assess the neural transmission of brachial plexus motor fibers. Seventy-five volunteer subjects were randomly chosen to participate in the research. The clinical studies included an evaluation of the upper extremity sensory perception in dermatomes C5\u2013C8 based on von Frey\u2019s tactile monofilament method, and proximal and distal muscle strength by Lovett\u2019s scale. Finally, 42 healthy people met the inclusion criteria. Magnetic and electrical stimuli were applied to assess the motor function of the peripheral nerves of the upper extremity and magnetic stimulus was applied to study the neural transmission from the C5\u2013C8 spinal roots. The parameters of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) recorded during electroneurography and MEP induced by magnetic stimulation were analyzed. Because the conduction parameters for the groups of women and men were comparable, the final statistical analysis covered 84 tests. The parameters of the potentials generated by electrical stimulus were comparable to those of the potentials induced by magnetic impulse at Erb\u2019s point. The amplitude of the CMAP was significantly higher following electrical stimulation than that of the MEP following magnetic stimulation for all the examined nerves, in the range of 3\u20137%. The differences in the potential latency values evaluated in CMAP and MEP did not exceed 5%. The results show a significantly higher amplitude of potentials after stimulation of the cervical roots compared to potentials evoked at Erb\u2019s point (C5, C6 level). At the C8 level, the amplitude was lower than the potentials evoked at Erb\u2019s point, varying in the range of 9\u201316%. We conclude that magnetic field stimulation enables the recording of the supramaximal potential, similar to that evoked by an electric impulse, which is a novel result. Both types of excitation can be used interchangeably during an examination, which is essential for clinical application. Magnetic stimulation was painless in comparison with electrical stimulation according to the results of a pain visual analog scale (3 vs. 5.5 on average). MEP studies with advanced sensor technology allow evaluation of the proximal part of the peripheral motor pathway (between the cervical root level and Erb\u2019s point, and via trunks of the brachial plexus to the target muscles) following the application of stimulus over the vertebrae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23084175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T03:04:08Z","timestamp":1682305448000},"page":"4175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Neurophysiological Evaluation of Neural Transmission in Brachial Plexus Motor Fibers with the Use of Magnetic versus Electrical Stimuli"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Wiertel-Krawczuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology of Locomotor Organs, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 Street, No. 135\/147, 61-545 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8671-0497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliusz","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology of Locomotor Organs, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 Street, No. 135\/147, 61-545 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Szymankiewicz-Szuka\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology of Locomotor Organs, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 Street, No. 135\/147, 61-545 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Wincek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology of Locomotor Organs, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 Street, No. 135\/147, 61-545 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20131","article-title":"Brachial plexopathies: Classification, causes, and consequences","volume":"30","author":"Ferrante","year":"2004","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2004.09.004","article-title":"Adult brachial plexus injuries: Mechanism, patterns of injury, and physical diagnosis","volume":"21","author":"Moran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hand Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.03.052","article-title":"Long-term outcome of brachial plexus reimplantation after complete brachial plexus avulsion injury","volume":"103","author":"Kachramanoglou","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2004.03.014","article-title":"Adult traumatic brachial plexus injury","volume":"59","author":"Rankine","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. 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