{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T06:45:27Z","timestamp":1782369927552,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005908","name":"Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["28DK113A20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["28DK113A20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005908","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the assessment of pulmonary function in health and disease, both respiration rate (RR) and tidal volume (Vt) are fundamental parameters of spontaneous breathing. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an RR sensor, which was previously developed for cattle, is suitable for additional measurements of Vt in calves. This new method would offer the opportunity to measure Vt continuously in freely moving animals. To measure Vt noninvasively, the application of a Lilly-type pneumotachograph implanted in the impulse oscillometry system (IOS) was used as the gold standard method. For this purpose, we applied both measuring devices in different orders successively, for 2 days on 10 healthy calves. However, the Vt equivalent (RR sensor) could not be converted into a true volume in mL or L. For a reliable recording of the Vt equivalent, a technical revision of the RR sensor excluding artifacts is required. In conclusion, converting the pressure signal of the RR sensor into a flow equivalent, and subsequently into a volume equivalent, by a comprehensive analysis, provides the basis for further improvement of the measuring system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23104683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T01:30:29Z","timestamp":1683855029000},"page":"4683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluation of a Respiration Rate Sensor for Recording Tidal Volume in Calves under Field Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6060-180X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"Di\u00dfmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Sensors and Modeling, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Reinhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, \u201cFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut\u201d (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-J\u00fcrgen","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research in Respiratory Diagnostics, Bahrendorfer Stra\u00dfe 3A, 12555 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2468-3160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Amon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Sensors and Modeling, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5042-7369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alisa","family":"Sergeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"System Modeling Group, Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, K\u00f6nigsweg 67, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0421-6250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gundula","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Sensors and Modeling, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"555","article-title":"The anatomy and physiology of the bovine respiratory system relating to pulmonary disease","volume":"68","author":"Veit","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cornell Vet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)30974-3","article-title":"Pulmonary function values and growth in belgian white and blue double-muscled cattle","volume":"45","author":"Gustin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Res. 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