{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:59:57Z","timestamp":1791284397906,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Teijin Pharma Limited"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Fugl\u2013Meyer Assessment (FMA) has been used as a functional assessment of upper-limb function in stroke patients. This study aimed to create a more objective and standardized evaluation based on an FMA of the upper-limb items. A total of 30 first-ever stroke patients (65.3 \u00b1 10.3 years old) and 15 healthy participants (35.4 \u00b1 13.4 years old) admitted to Itami Kousei Neurosurgical Hospital were included. A nine-axis motion sensor was attached to the participants, and the joint angles of 17 upper-limb items (excluding fingers) and 23 FMA upper-limb items (excluding reflexes and fingers) were measured. From the measurement results, we analyzed the time-series data of each movement and obtained the correlation between the joint angles of each part. Discriminant analysis showed that 17 and 6 items had a concordance rate of \u226580% (80.0~95.6%) and &lt;80% (64.4~75.6%), respectively. In the multiple regression analysis of continuous variables of FMA, a good regression model was obtained to predict the FMA with three to five joint angles. The discriminant analysis for 17 evaluation items suggests the possibility of roughly calculating FMA scores from joint angles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23115213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T02:57:10Z","timestamp":1685501830000},"page":"5213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Attempt to Make the Upper-Limb Item of Objective Fugl\u2013Meyer Assessment Using 9-Axis Motion Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9387-0790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Ueyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation, Itami Kousei Neurosurgical Hospital, Itami City 664-0028, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Takebayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino City 558-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation, Itami Kousei Neurosurgical Hospital, Itami City 664-0028, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Itami Kousei Neurosurgical Hospital, Itami City 664-0028, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1287-4795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Hanada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation, Shijonawate Gakuen University, Daitou City 574-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuho","family":"Okita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4428-8744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinichi","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Itami Kousei Neurosurgical Hospital, Itami City 664-0028, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000098","article-title":"Guidelines for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"47","author":"Winstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197771331","article-title":"The Post-Stroke Hemiplegic Patient. 1. 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