{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T21:39:53Z","timestamp":1778794793863,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51977160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51977160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In a system where wind farms are connected to the grid via a bipolar flexible DC transmission, the occurrence of a short-time fault at one of the poles results in the active power emitted by the wind farm being transmitted through the non-faulty pole. This condition leads to an overcurrent in the DC system, thereby causing the wind turbine to disconnect from the grid. Addressing this issue, this paper presents a novel coordinated fault ride-through strategy for flexible DC transmission systems and wind farms, which eliminates the need for additional communication equipment. The proposed strategy leverages the power characteristics of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) under different terminal voltage conditions. By considering the safety constraints of both the wind turbine and the DC system, as well as optimizing the active power output during wind farm faults, the strategy establishes guidelines for the wind farm bus voltage and the crowbar switch signal. Moreover, it harnesses the power regulation capability of the DFIG rotor-side crowbar circuit to enable fault ride-through in the presence of single-pole short-time faults in the DC system. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed coordinated control strategy effectively mitigates overcurrent in the non-faulty pole of flexible DC transmission during fault conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T02:30:51Z","timestamp":1687314651000},"page":"5760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Coordinate Fault Ride-Through Strategy for Connection of Offshore Wind Farms Using Voltage Source-Converter-Based High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission under Single Polar Fault"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Huiying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electricity and Automation, Wuhan University, No. 299, Bayi Road, Luojiashan Street, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyang","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electricity and Automation, Wuhan University, No. 299, Bayi Road, Luojiashan Street, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1471-3872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electricity and Automation, Wuhan University, No. 299, Bayi Road, Luojiashan Street, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Li, J. (2019). Research on Fault Ride-through Strategy for Offshore Wind Farms Connected to Flexible DC Networks. [Master\u2019s Thesis, South China University of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Research, application and development of flexible DC power transmission engineering technology","volume":"37","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Power Syst. Autom."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2008.2008441","article-title":"VSC-Based HVDC Power Transmission Systems: An Overview","volume":"24","author":"Flourentzou","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Electron."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Xu, Z.T. (2017). Flexible DC Transmission System, Machinery Industry Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"2658","article-title":"Simulation analysis of ground fault characteristics based on modular multilevel high-voltage DC transmission system","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Power Grid Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"53","article-title":"A novel coordination control strategy for offshore wind farms and flexible DC transmission systems","volume":"40","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Power Syst. Autom."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Review of Low Voltage Ride-Through Technology for VSC-HVDC Based Wind Power Generation Systems","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Electr. Meas. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2013.2285236","article-title":"Enhanced Voltage Drop Control by VSC\u2013HVDC Systems for Improving Wind Farm Fault Ridethrough Capability","volume":"29","author":"Erlich","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2012.2230597","article-title":"Voltage Control of Multiterminal VSC-HVDC Transmission Systems for Offshore Wind Power Plants: Design and Implementation in a Scaled Platform","volume":"60","author":"Bianchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2017.2663664","article-title":"Coordinated Control Strategies for Offshore Wind Farm Integration via VSC-HVDC for System Frequency Support","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Energy Convers."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3897","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2013.2257884","article-title":"Power Flow and Power Reduction Control Using Variable Frequency of Offshore AC Grids","volume":"28","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Syst."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rpg.2015.0017","article-title":"Evaluation of a communication-based fault ride-through scheme for offshore wind farms connected through high-voltage DC links based on voltage source converter","volume":"9","author":"Nanou","year":"2015","journal-title":"IET Renew. Power Gener."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"7","article-title":"Control of flexible high-voltage DC transmission system for doubly-fed wind farms","volume":"32","author":"Liao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. J. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2003.811178","article-title":"Dynamic modeling of doubly fed induction generator wind turbines","volume":"18","author":"Ekanayake","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Syst"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"He, Y., Hu, J., and Xu, L. (2012). Operation Control of Grid-Connected Doubly-Fed Asynchronous Wind Turbines, China Electric Power Press."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"31","article-title":"AC and DC fault ride-through strategies for wind power integration via hybrid MMC-HVDC","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autom. Electr. Power Syst."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"37","article-title":"AC-DC fault ride-through strategy for wind power via hybrid MMC-HVDC grid connection","volume":"42","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Power Syst. Autom."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"93","article-title":"Transient Characteristics Analysis of Doubly Fed Induction Generator and Resistance Optimization of Crowbar Circuit","volume":"32","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trans. China Electrotech. Soc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2010.2054097","article-title":"Voltage-Sag Tolerance of DFIG Wind Turbine With a Series Grid Side Passive-Impedance Network","volume":"25","author":"Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Energy Convers."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"2759","article-title":"Analysis of the change characteristics of the transient potential of doubly-fed wind turbine after throwing the crowbar","volume":"38","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Power Grid Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Liu, S.A.B. (2011). Asynchronous Wind Turbine Operating Characteristics and Influence Research, North China Electric Power University."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2016.01.039","article-title":"A SCR crowbar commutated with rotor-side converter for doubly fed wind turbines","volume":"81","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electr. Power Energy Syst."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/12\/5760\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:57:19Z","timestamp":1760126239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/12\/5760"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s23125760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23125760","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]}}}