{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T09:15:12Z","timestamp":1772615712808,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) solutions improve power generation efficiency, quickly stabilizing the output waveform of photovoltaic (PV) systems under variable operating conditions. Along with new algorithms, improved and adjusted methods to exploit energy from PV systems are increasingly being researched and proposed. However, the proposed solutions based on the traditional algorithms and their improvements have poor performance, while the advanced algorithms or hybrid methods bring high performance but need to be simplified, and the response speed is higher. Moreover, a suitable PV configuration makes choosing a simple but highly efficient algorithm, especially in low-power PV system applications such as rooftop solar power, traffic lights, and moving vehicles\u2026where the number of PV panels is insufficient to implement flexible configurations. This paper proposes a modified version of the Perturb and Observe (MPO) algorithm to improve MPPT performance and increase convergence speed in the parallel structure of PV panels. The Short-Circuit Current (Isc) and Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc) are calculated directly at specific operating conditions to quickly determine the potential maximum power point (MPP) that will reduce power interruptions and increase power generation efficiency compared to periodic updates. Therefore, the proposed solution converges faster, with higher efficiency, and the output signal in static and dynamic MPPT situations is more stable. The results show that the highest efficiency in simulation and experiment is 99.99% and 99.93%, respectively, while the convergence speed is 0.01 s and 0.03 s, respectively. They are better than the traditional Perturb and Observe (P&amp;O) algorithm, the Variable Step Size Perturb and Observe (VSSP&amp;O) method, and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique under the same operating conditions. In addition, its performance and convergence speed are also compared with the latest introduced algorithms. The results show that it is valuable and reliable for parallel PV configuration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23177503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T08:59:05Z","timestamp":1693299545000},"page":"7503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Rapidly Determine the Maximum Power Point in the Parallel Configuration of the Photovoltaic System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Bui Van","family":"Hien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, HCMC University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Truong Viet","family":"Anh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, HCMC University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Tung","family":"Linh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Control and Automation, Electric Power University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4993-8150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pham Quoc","family":"Khanh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City (IUH), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51117","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3279107","article-title":"A Flexible Rooftop Photovoltaic-Inductive Wireless Power Transfer System for Low Voltage DC Grid","volume":"11","author":"Iam","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2015.07.039","article-title":"Modeling, analysis and comparison of solar photovoltaic array configurations under partial shading conditions","volume":"120","author":"Belhachat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sol. 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