{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:46:32Z","timestamp":1791996392686,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":242,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, it is well known that sensors have an enormous impact on our life, using streams of data to make life-changing decisions. Every single aspect of our day is monitored via thousands of sensors, and the benefits we can obtain are enormous. With the increasing demand for food quality, food safety has become one of the main focuses of our society. However, fresh foods are subject to spoilage due to the action of microorganisms, enzymes, and oxidation during storage. Nanotechnology can be applied in the food industry to support packaged products and extend their shelf life. Chemical composition and sensory attributes are quality markers which require innovative assessment methods, as existing ones are rather difficult to implement, labour-intensive, and expensive. E-sensing devices, such as vision systems, electronic noses, and electronic tongues, overcome many of these drawbacks. Nanotechnology holds great promise to provide benefits not just within food products but also around food products. In fact, nanotechnology introduces new chances for innovation in the food industry at immense speed. This review describes the food application fields of nanotechnologies; in particular, metal oxide sensors (MOS) will be presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23208429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T14:22:17Z","timestamp":1697120537000},"page":"8429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Nanotechnology and E-Sensing for Food Chain Quality and Safety"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Poeta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via J.F. Kennedy, 17\/i, 42124 Reggio Emilia, RE, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3329-2445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aris","family":"Libo\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11\/a, 43124 Parma, PR, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Mistrali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nano Sensor System srl (NASYS), Via Alfonso Catalani, 9, 42124 Reggio Emilia, RE, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4621-0658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via J.F. Kennedy, 17\/i, 42124 Reggio Emilia, RE, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5991-9391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Sberveglieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nano Sensor System srl (NASYS), Via Alfonso Catalani, 9, 42124 Reggio Emilia, RE, Italy"},{"name":"National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via J.F. Kennedy, 17\/i, 42124 Reggio Emilia, RE, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2009.01456.x","article-title":"Review: Nanocomposites in food packaging","volume":"75","author":"Arora","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2022.100955","article-title":"Prospecting the role of nanotechnology in extending the shelf-life of fresh produce and in developing advanced packaging","volume":"34","author":"Sagar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayda, S., Adeel, M., Tuccinardi, T., Cordani, M., and Rizzolio, F. (2020). The History of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Chemical\u2013Physical Applications to Nanomedicine. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25010112"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"515","article-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Materials","volume":"12","author":"Begum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Springer J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benelmekki, M. (2015). Designing Hybrid Nanoparticles, Morgan & Claypool Publishers.","DOI":"10.1088\/978-1-6270-5469-0"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2008.10.008","article-title":"Review of health safety aspects of nanotechnologies in food production","volume":"53","author":"Bouwmeester","year":"2009","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030701744538","article-title":"Applications and implications of nanotechnologies for the food sector","volume":"25","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"037562","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/ab67a6","article-title":"Non-Invasive Monitoring of Human Health by Exhaled Breath Analysis: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"167","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/reel.12030","article-title":"The law of the European Union on nanotechnologies: Comments on a paradox","volume":"22","author":"Brosset","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Eur. Comp. Int. Environ. Law"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.06.012","article-title":"Human health effects of air pollution","volume":"151","author":"Kampa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-018-0794-8","article-title":"Smart nanopackaging for the enhancement of food shelf life","volume":"17","author":"Rai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"100270","article-title":"Application of nanotechnology in food packaging: Pros and Cons","volume":"7","author":"Alweera","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"43","article-title":"Application of Nanotechnology","volume":"46","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2008.10.010","article-title":"Nanotechnology and its applications in the food sector","volume":"27","author":"Sozer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sberveglieri, V., Bhandari, M.P., Carmona, E.N., Betto, G., and Sberveglieri, G. (2016). A novel MOS nanowire gas sensor device (S3) and GC-MS-based approach for the characterization of grated Parmigiano Reggiano cheese. Biosensors, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios6040060"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b04930","article-title":"Diagnosis and Classification of 17 Diseases from 1404 Subjects via Pattern Analysis of Exhaled Molecules","volume":"11","author":"Nakhleh","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.04.013","article-title":"Combined effects of temperature and hu-midity on indoor VOCs pollution: Intercity comparison","volume":"121","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.02.038","article-title":"Comparison of electronic sensing techniques for screening dried shrimps irradiated using three types of approved radiation with standard analytical methods","volume":"286","author":"Namhyeok","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.17221\/3515-CJFS","article-title":"Changes in egg volatiles during storage","volume":"20","author":"Adamiec","year":"2002","journal-title":"Czech J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Isyrofie, A.I.F., Kashif, M., Aji, A.K., Aidatuzzahro, N., Rahmatillah, A., Susilo, Y., Syahrom, A., and Astuti, S.D. (2022). Odor clustering using a gas sensor array system of chicken meat based on temperature variations and storage time. Sens. Bio-Sens. Res., 37.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbsr.2022.100508"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sch\u00fctze, A., Baur, T., Leidinger, M., Reimringer, W., Jung, R., Conrad, T., and Sauerwald, T. (2017). Highly sensitive and selective VOC sensor systems based on semiconductor gas sensors: How to?. Environments, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/environments4010020"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirzaei, A., Ansari, H.R., Shahbaz, M., Kim, J.Y., Kim, H.W., and Kim, S.S. (2022). Metal oxide semiconductor nanostructure gas sensors with different morphologies. Chemosensors, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors10070289"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1007\/s00706-017-1969-x","article-title":"Poultry meat freshness evaluation using electronic nose technology and ultra-fast gas chromatography","volume":"148","author":"Wojnowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Monatshefte Chem. Chem. Mon."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3952\/lithjphys.45409","article-title":"Parameters of semiconducting gas sensors acceptable for non-invasive early detection of wound infections","volume":"45","author":"Galdikas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lith. J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munekata, P.E.S., Finardi, S., de Souza, C.K., Meinert, C., Pateiro, M., Hoffmann, T.G., Dom\u00ednguez, R., Bertoli, S.L., Kumar, M., and Lorenzo, J.M. (2023). Applications of Electronic Nose, Electronic Eye and Electronic Tongue in Quality, Safety and Shelf Life of Meat and Meat Products: A Review. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020672"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.112214","article-title":"Electronic tongue and electronic nose for food quality and safety","volume":"162","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res. Ternational"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1351\/pac200577111965","article-title":"Nonspecific sensor arrays (\u201celectronic tongue\u201d) for chemical analysis of liquids (IUPAC Technical Report)","volume":"77","author":"Vlasov","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-M\u00e9ndez, M.L., Apetrei, C., and De Saja, J.A. (2010). Electronic Tongues Purposely Designed for the Organoleptic Charac-terization of Olive Oils. Am. J. Health Promot., 525\u2013532.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374420-3.00057-7"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maimunah, M.A., and Norhashila, H. (2022). Non-destructive methods for detection of food quality. J. Future Foods, 645\u2013667.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91001-9.00003-7"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.04.088","article-title":"Highly sensitive and wide-dynamic-range side-polished fiber-optic taste sensor","volume":"249","author":"Khalilian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2010.03.017","article-title":"Review: Highlights in recent applications of electronic tongues in food analysis","volume":"665","author":"Perisb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"143","article-title":"Electronic Tongues: Sensors, Systems, Applications","volume":"10","author":"Legin","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9243","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2020.2994604","article-title":"A Feature Extraction Method Using Linear Model Identification of Voltammetric Electronic Tongue","volume":"69","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2004.08.002","article-title":"Application of an electronic nose for quality assessment of modified atmosphere packaged poultry meat","volume":"17","author":"Alakomi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/4\/12\/029","article-title":"Performance of an electronic nose for quality estimation of ground meat","volume":"4","author":"Winquist","year":"1993","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calvini, R., and Pigani, L. (2022). Toward the Development of Combined Artificial Sensing Systems for Food Quality Evaluation: A Review on the Application of Data Fusion of Electronic Noses, Electronic Tongues and Electronic Eyes. Sensors, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020577"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"024001","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/aafc77","article-title":"Electronic nose: A non-invasive technology for breath analysis of diabetes and lung cancer patients","volume":"13","author":"Behera","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Breath Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.02.113","article-title":"An overview of an artificial nose system","volume":"184","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"104","article-title":"Applications of electronic nose (e-nose) and electronic tongue (e-tongue) in food quality-related properties determination: A review","volume":"4","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Agric."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4005(94)87085-3","article-title":"A brief history of electronic noses","volume":"18","author":"Gardner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.01.096","article-title":"E-nose, e-tongue and e-eye for edible olive oil characteri-zation and shelf life assessment: A powerful data fusion approach","volume":"182","author":"Buratti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"1541","article-title":"Advances in electronic-nose technologies","volume":"3","author":"Sujatha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mariotti, R., N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Carmona, E., Genzardi, D., Pandolfi, S., Sberveglieri, V., and Mousavi, S. (2022). Volatile Olfactory Profiles of Umbrian Extra Virgin Olive Oils and Their Discrimination through MOX. Chem. Sens., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197164"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protcy.2012.02.101","article-title":"Review of Electronic-nose Technologies and Algorithms to Detect Hazardous Chemicals in the Environment","volume":"1","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Procedia Technol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5099","DOI":"10.3390\/s90705099","article-title":"Applications and Advances in Electronic-Nose Technologies","volume":"9","author":"Wilson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.06.013","article-title":"Monitoring techniques for odour abatement assessment","volume":"44","author":"Sivret","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"85","article-title":"Monitoring of Odour Nuisance from Landfill Using Electronic Nose","volume":"40","author":"Dymerskib","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Trans."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"170","article-title":"An investigation on electronic nose diagnosis of lung cancer","volume":"68","author":"Pennazza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2005.01.013","article-title":"Identification of Staphylococcus aureus infections in hospital environment: Electronic nose based approach","volume":"109","author":"Dutta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0956-5663(02)00078-7","article-title":"Use of an electronic nose system for diagnoses of urinary tract infections","volume":"17","author":"Pavlou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2008.917928","article-title":"Artificial Odor Discrimination System Using Electronic Nose and Neural Networks for the Identification of Urinary Tract Infection","volume":"12","author":"Kodogiannis","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11899","DOI":"10.3390\/s130911899","article-title":"Application of a Novel Tool for Diagnosing BIle Acid Diarrhoea","volume":"13","author":"Covington","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2014.07.019","article-title":"Electronic Noses for Food Quality: A Review","volume":"144","author":"Loutfi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5528","DOI":"10.3390\/s130505528","article-title":"A Compact and Low Cost Electronic Nose for Aroma Detection","volume":"13","author":"Agudo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wojnowski, W., Majchrzak, T., Dymerski, T., G\u0119bicki, J., and Namie\u015bnik, J. (2017). Portable electronic nose based on electrochemical sensors for food quality assessment. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17122715"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbatangelo, M., N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Carmona, E., Sberveglieri, V., Zappa, D., Comini, E., and Sberveglieri, G. (2018). Application of a Novel S3 Nanowire Gas Sensor Device in Parallel with GC-MS for the Identification of Rind Percentage of Grated Parmigiano Reggiano. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201804.0161.v1"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2014.11.556","article-title":"Candida milleri detected by Electronic nose in tomato sauce","volume":"87","author":"Sberveglieri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sberveglieri, V., Comini, E., Zappa, D., Pulvirenti, A., and Carmona, E.N. (2013, January 3\u20135). Electronic nose for the early detection of different types of indigenous mold contamination in green coffee. Proceedings of the 2013 Seventh International Conference on Sensing Technology, (ICST), Wellington, New Zealand.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSensT.2013.6727696"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2004.06.027","article-title":"Shelf life determination by electronic nose: Application to milk","volume":"106","author":"Labreche","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.03.011","article-title":"The prediction of food additives in the fruit juice based on electronic nose with chemometrics","volume":"230","author":"Qiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.3390\/s150100899","article-title":"Electronic-Nose Applications for Fruit Identification, Ripeness and Quality Grading","volume":"15","author":"Baietto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2008.11.002","article-title":"Preliminary study of ion mobility based electronic nose GD-1 for discrimination of hard cheeses","volume":"92","author":"Gursoy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.3390\/s120201422","article-title":"An Electronic Nose Based on Coated Piezoelectric Quartz Crystals to Certify Ewes\u2019 Cheese and to Discriminate between Cheese Varieties","volume":"12","author":"Pais","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Duina, G., Sberveglieri, G., Abbatangelo, M., Carmona, E.N., and Malgaretti, M. (2018, January 16\u201318). Array of Semiconductor Nanowires Gas Sensor for IoT in Wastewater Management. Proceedings of the 2018 the IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 and IoTAt, Brescia, Italy."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1504867","article-title":"Stable and highly sensitive gas sensors based on semiconducting oxide nanobelts","volume":"81","author":"Comini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2008.06.003","article-title":"Quasi-one dimensional metal oxide semiconductors: Preparation, characterization and application as chemical sensors","volume":"54","author":"Comini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Carmona, E., Abbatangelo, M., and Sberveglieri, V. (2021). Internet of Food (IoF), Tailor-Made Metal Oxide Gas Sensors to Support Tea Supply Chain. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21134266"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2012.2195306","article-title":"Electronic Noses as Flexible Tools to Assess Food Quality and Safety: Should We Trust Them?","volume":"12","author":"Concina","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Carmona, E., Abbatangelo, M., and Sberveglieri, V. (2019). Innovative Sensor Approach to Follow Campylobacter jejuni De-velopment. Biosensors, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios9010008"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sberveglieri, V., Carmona, E.N., and Pulvirenti, A. (2015). Nanowire Technology to Asses the Bacterial Presence in Water and other Food Stuff, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-09617-9_40"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors8010006","article-title":"k-NN and k-NN-ANN Combined Clas-sifier to Assess MOX Gas Sensors Performances Affected by Drift Caused by Early Life Aging","volume":"8","author":"Comini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosensors"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbatangelo, M., N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Carmona, E., Sberveglieri, V., Comini, E., and Sberveglieri, G. (2020). Nanostructured MOS Sensor for the Detection, Follow up, and Threshold Pursuing of Campylobacter Jejuni Development in Milk Samples. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20072009"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2003.822216","article-title":"SnO2 RGTO UV Activation for CO Monitoring","volume":"4","author":"Comini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(99)00359-7","article-title":"Influence of the completion of oxidation on the long-term response of RGTO SnO2 gas sensors","volume":"66","author":"Morante","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Carmona, E., Abbatangelo, M., Zottele, I., Piccoli, P., Tamanini, A., Comini, E., Sberveglieri, G., and Sberveglieri, V. (2019). Nanomaterial Gas Sensors for Online Monitoring System of Fruit Jams. Foods, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods8120632"},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"25","article-title":"Novel Equipment for Food Quality Control: An IoT Nanowire Gas Sensors Array","volume":"75","author":"Abbatangelo","year":"2019","journal-title":"CET J. Chem. Eng. Trans."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2018.04.059","article-title":"New colorimetric aptasensor for rapid on-site detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in chicken carcass samples","volume":"1029","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17023","DOI":"10.3390\/s121217023","article-title":"Nanostructured Metal Oxide Gas Sensors, a Survey of Applications Carried out at SENSOR Lab, Brescia (Italy) in the Security and Food Quality Fields","volume":"12","author":"Ponzoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-020-02705-6","article-title":"Characterization of metal oxide gas sensors via optical techniques","volume":"412","author":"Jaeschke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.3390\/s100302088","article-title":"Metal oxide gas sensors: Sensitivity and influencing factors","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White, L.T. (2001). Hazardous Gas Monitoring, Fifth Edition: A Guide for Semiconductor and Other Hazardous Occupancies, William Andrew.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-081551469-5.50006-3"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2017.04.240","article-title":"Electronic noses: Powerful tools in meat quality as-sessment","volume":"131","author":"Wojnowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00fcffer, D., Hoehne, F., and B\u00fchler, J. (2018). New Digital Metal-Oxide (MOx) Sensor Platform. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18041052"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014405811371","article-title":"Conduction model of metal oxide gas sensors","volume":"7","author":"Barsan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Electroceramics"},{"key":"ref_85","unstructured":"Koper, M., Bartlett, P.N., and Alkire, R.C. (2019). Electrochemical Engineering, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bieganowski, A., J\u00f3zefaciuk, G., Bandura, L., Guz, L., \u0141ag\u00f3d, G., and Franus, W. (2018). Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Soil Pollution Using E-Nose. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082463"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2022.114106","article-title":"Artificial intelligence methods for classification and prediction of potatoes harvested from ferti-lized soil based on a sensor array response","volume":"349","author":"Amkor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16234","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3188464","article-title":"The Recognition of Different Odor Using Convolutional Neural Networks Extracted from Time and Temperature Features","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"3306","article-title":"Application of Nanotechnology in Agriculture Sector\u2014A Review","volume":"1","author":"Ganesh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Exclus. Glob. Res."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2015.03.033","article-title":"Awareness and attitudes towards the emerging use of nanotechnology in the agri-food sector","volume":"57","author":"Handford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7826428","article-title":"Olive Oil Total Phenolic Contents and Sensory Sensations Trends during Oven and Microwave Heating Processes and Their Discrimination Using an Electronic Tongue","volume":"2018","author":"Prata","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Qual."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.04.014","article-title":"Effect of cooking on olive oil quality attributes","volume":"54","author":"Santos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.08.041","article-title":"Vibrational spectroscopy and chemometrics to assess authenticity, adulteration and intrinsic quality pa-rameters of edible oils and fats","volume":"60","author":"Nunes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.201600065","article-title":"Rapid and innovative instrumental approaches for quality and authenticity of olive oils","volume":"118","author":"Valli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2016.10.014","article-title":"Electronic noses and tongues to assess food authenticity and adulteration","volume":"58","author":"Peris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(00)01383-0","article-title":"Electronic nose based on conducting polymers for the quality control of the olive oil aroma-discrimination of quality, variety of olive and geographic origin","volume":"432","author":"Guadarrama","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2017.12.016","article-title":"A taste sensor device for unmasking admixing of rancid or winey-vinegary olive oil to extra virgin olive oil","volume":"144","author":"Harzalli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Tornero, E., Barea-Ramos, J.D., Lozano, J., Dur\u00e1n-Mer\u00e1s, I., and Mart\u00edn-Vertedor, D. (2023). E-Nose Quality Evaluation of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Stored in Different Containers. Chemosensors, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors11020085"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-998-0205-6","article-title":"Flavor components of olive oil\u2014A review","volume":"75","author":"Kiritsakis","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jct.2014.03.006","article-title":"Vapor pressure data for ethyl-2-methylbutyrate, hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal at a pressure range of (25 to 190) kPa","volume":"74","author":"Meneses","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chem. Thermodyn."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-018-0304-x","article-title":"Extra virgin olive oil: More than a healthy fat","volume":"72","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_102","unstructured":"Vasilopoulos, C. (Food Control, 2021). Europe Researchers Identify Main Types of Olive Oil Fraud, Propose Solutions, Food Control."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3764","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.15467","article-title":"Determination of volatile compounds responsible for sensory characteristics from Brazilian extra virgin olive oil using HS-SPME\/GC-MS direct method","volume":"85","author":"Bosco","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"408","article-title":"Thermoanalytical investigations of honey produced by Trigona species using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)","volume":"61","author":"Torres","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107210","article-title":"Rapid method based on computer vision to determine the moisture and insoluble impurities content in virgin olive oils","volume":"113","author":"Gila","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"8860161","article-title":"Rapid analytical method to characterize the freshness of olive oils using fluo-rescence spectroscopy and chemometric algorithms","volume":"2020","author":"Bouatia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anal. Methods Chem."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1980","article-title":"Fraud detection and quality assessment of olive oil using ultrasound","volume":"9","author":"Zarezadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e061","DOI":"10.3989\/gya.0702142","article-title":"Chemical composition and sensory evaluation of virgin olive oils from \u201cMorisca\u201d and \u201cCarrasque\u00f1a\u201d olive varieties","volume":"66","author":"Fuentes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Grasasy Aceites"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez, R., Mart\u00edn-Tornero, E., Lozano, J., Boselli, E., Arroyo, P., Mel\u00e9ndez, F., and Mart\u00edn-Vertedor, D. (2021). E-Nose Discrimination of Abnormal Fermentations in Spanish-Style Green Olives. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26175353"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.110736","article-title":"Rapid identification and quantification of sesame oils adulteration using low fre-quency dielectric spectroscopy combined with chemometrics","volume":"140","author":"Firouz","year":"2020","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eaef.2014.07.002","article-title":"From simple classification methods to ma-chine learning for the binary discrimination of beers using electronic nose data","volume":"8","author":"Mohtasebi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eng. Agric. Environ. Food"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2023.100622","article-title":"The effect of data fusion on improving the accuracy of olive oil quality measurement","volume":"18","author":"Zarezadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greco, G., N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Carmona, E., Abbatangelo, M., Fava, P., and Sberveglieri, V. (2021). How Coffee Capsules Affect the Volatilome in Espresso Coffee. Separations, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/separations8120248"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.04.124","article-title":"Determination of volatile marker compounds of common coffee roast defects","volume":"211","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.09.083","article-title":"The Maillard reaction products as food-born antioxidant and antibrowning agents in model and real food systems","volume":"275","author":"Nooshkam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marek, G., Dobrza\u0144ski, B., Oniszczuk, T., Combrzy\u0144ski, M., \u0106wik\u0142a, D., and Rusinek, R. (2020). Detection and Differentiation of Volatile Compound Profiles in Roasted Coffee Arabica Beans from Different Countries Using an Electronic Nose and GC-MS. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20072124"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.07.088","article-title":"Coffee aroma: Chemometric comparison of the chemical information provided by three different samplings combined with GC\u2013MS to describe the sensory properties in cup","volume":"214","author":"Bressanello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14400","article-title":"A novel method for generation of a fingerprint using electronic nose on the example of rapeseed spoilage","volume":"84","author":"Rusinek","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.14392","article-title":"Application of an electronic nose for determination of pre-pressing treatment of rapeseed based on the analysis of volatile compounds contained in pressed oil","volume":"55","author":"Rusinek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2019.108665","article-title":"Application of an electronic nose with novel method for generation of smellprints for testing the suitability for consumption of wheat bread during 4-day storage","volume":"117","author":"Rusinek","year":"2020","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.04.136","article-title":"A simple voltammetric elec-tronic tongue for the analysis of coffee adulterations","volume":"273","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_122","first-page":"83","article-title":"Coffee adulteration: More than two decades of research Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"46","author":"Toci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"1","article-title":"Validation of a method to determine the impurities husks and straw in roast ground coffee","volume":"19","author":"Mendes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz. J. Food Technol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6933","article-title":"Discrimination between washed Arabica, natural Arabica and Robusta coffees by using near infrared spectroscopy, electronic nose and electronic tongue analysis","volume":"95","author":"Buratti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2016.02.011","article-title":"Relationship between overall difference decision and electronic tongue: Discrimination of civet coffee","volume":"180","author":"Lopetcharat","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.02.149","article-title":"Differentiation of Chinese robusta coffees according to species, using a com-bined electronic nose and tongue, with the aid of chemometrics","volume":"229","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17770","DOI":"10.3390\/s140917770","article-title":"Voltammetric electronic tongue and support vector ma-chines for identification of selected features in Mexican coffee","volume":"14","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/1477-9552.12128","article-title":"Economic Growth, Globalisation and Beer Consumption","volume":"67","author":"Colen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Econ."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Men, H., Shi, Y., Fu, S., Jiao, Y., Qiao, Y., and Liu, J. (2017). Mining Feature of Data Fusion in the Classification of Beer Flavor Information Using E-Tongue and E-Nose. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17071656"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garavaglia, C., and Swinnen, J. (2018). Economic Perspectives on Craft Beer, Palgrave Macmillan.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58235-1"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.05.091","article-title":"Beer classification by means of a potentiometric electronic tongue","volume":"141","author":"Calvo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-010-4343-y","article-title":"Characterization and classification of the aroma of beer samples by means of an MS e-nose and chemometric tools","volume":"399","author":"Vera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_133","unstructured":"Preedy, V.R. (2009). Beer in Health and Disease Prevention, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Libo\u00e0, A., Genzardi, D., N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Carmona, E., Carabetta, S., Di Sanzo, R., Russo, M., and Sberveglieri, V. (2023). Different Diacetyl Perception Detected through MOX Sensors in Real-Time Analysis of Beer Samples. Chemosensors, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors11020147"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2016.06.001","article-title":"A review on combined odor and taste sensor systems","volume":"190","author":"Banerjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Zhang, Q., Yao, S., Lu, L., Li, J., Tang, Y., and Wu, Y. (2022). Diacetyl as new-type of artificial enzyme to mimic oxidase mediated by light and its application in the detection of glutathione at neutral pH. Microchem. J., 179.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2022.107529"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, J.P., Lozano, J., and Aleixandre, M. (2017). Electronic noses applications in beer technology. Brew. Technol., 177.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.68822"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seesaard, T., and Wongchoosuk, C. (2022). Recent Progress in Electronic Noses for Fermented Foods and Beverages Applications. Fermentation, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation8070302"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(01)00471-1","article-title":"Toxicity, metabolism, andimpact of mycotoxins on humans and animals","volume":"167","author":"Hussein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_140","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2015). Cereal Supply and Demand Brief, FAO."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.005","article-title":"Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in commodities, feeds and feed ingredients","volume":"137","author":"Binder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins4090663","article-title":"A three-year survey on the worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in feedstuffs and feed","volume":"4","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinotti, L., Ottoboni, M., Giromini, C., Dell\u2019orto, V., and Cheli, F. (2016). Mycotoxin Contamination in the EU Feed Supply Chain: A Focus on Cereal Byproducts. Toxins, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8020045"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2013.09.048","article-title":"Screening of deoxynivalenol contamination in durum wheat by mos-based electronic nose and identification of the relevant pattern of volatile compounds","volume":"37","author":"Lippolis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ottoboni, M., Pinotti, L., Tretola, M., Giromini, C., Fusi, E., Rebucci, R., Grillo, M., Tassoni, L., Foresta, S., and Gastaldello, S. (2018). Combining E-Nose and Lateral Flow Immunoassays (LFIAs) for Rapid Occurrence\/Co-Occurrence Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Detection in Maize. Toxins, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10100416"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-010820-012832","article-title":"Remote Sensing of Diseases","volume":"58","author":"Oerke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Phytopathol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111931","article-title":"A review on graphene-based elec-trochemical sensor for mycotoxins detection","volume":"148","author":"Thuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.05.008","article-title":"Electrochemical affinity biosensors for detection of mycotoxins: A review","volume":"49","author":"Vidal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.08.029","article-title":"Progress on nanostructured electrochemical sen-sors and their recognition elements for detection of mycotoxins: A review","volume":"121","author":"Goud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_150","unstructured":"Sinha, A., Mugo, S.M., Lu, X., and Chen, J. (2019). Chapter 17, Molecular Imprinted Polymer-Based Biosensors for the Detection of Pharmaceu-Tical Contaminants in the Environment, Tools, Techniques and Protocols for Monitoring Environmental Contaminants, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-8267-9","article-title":"A novel aptamer-functionalized MoS2 nanosheet fluorescent biosensor for sensitive detection of prostate specific antigen","volume":"407","author":"Kong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8778","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA09577A","article-title":"A review on graphene-based nanocomposites for elec-trochemical and fluorescent biosensors","volume":"9","author":"Krishnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kudr, J., Zhao, L., Nguyen, E.P., Arola, H., Nevanen, T.K., Adam, V., Zitka, O., and Merko\u00e7i, A. (2020). Inkjet-printed electrochemically reduced graphene oxide microelectrode as a platform for HT-2 mycotoxin immunoenzymatic biosensing. Biosens. Bioelectron., 156.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112109"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2016.07.096","article-title":"An electrochemical immunosensor for rapid and sensitive detection of mycotoxins fumonisin B1 and deoxynivalenol","volume":"213","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56518","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA04469G","article-title":"Antibody conjugated metal nanoparticle decorated graphene sheets for a mycotoxin sensor","volume":"6","author":"Srivastava","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5061","DOI":"10.1039\/C8AY01913D","article-title":"Graphene-based biosensors for on-site detection of contaminants in food","volume":"10","author":"Bobrinetskiy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_157","unstructured":"Bamigbala, T., Onkamo, M., Safonova, I., and Rahman, S.T. (2022). Towards Adoption of Autonomous Mobile Cobots in Intralogistics Picking Process: Review of Current Development, Lappeenranta\u2013Lahti University of Technology LUT."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2022.104075","article-title":"Person-Following Controller with Socially Acceptable Robot Motion","volume":"153","author":"Montesdeoca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Robot. Auton. Syst."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5490","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2019273","article-title":"Smart irrigation system for environmental sustainability in Africa: An Internet of Everything (IoE) approach","volume":"16","author":"Adenugba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Math. Biosci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_160","unstructured":"University, Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard (2023, August 02). RoboBees: Autonomous Flying Microrobots. Available online: https:\/\/wyss.harvard.edu\/technology\/robobees-autonomous-flying-microrobots."},{"key":"ref_161","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2017). The Future of Food and Agriculture: Trends and Challenges, FAO."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kondoyanni, M., Loukatos, D., Maraveas, C., Drosos, C., and Arvanitis, K.G. (2022). Bio-Inspired Robots and Structures toward Fostering the Modernization of Agriculture. Biomimetics, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics7020069"},{"key":"ref_163","first-page":"1","article-title":"Advances in greenhouse automation and controlled environment agriculture: A transition to plant factories and urban agriculture","volume":"11","author":"Shamshiri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Summerson, V., Viejo, C.G., Pang, A., Torrico, D.D., and Fuentes, S. (2021). Assessment of Volatile Aromatic Compounds in Smoke Tainted Cabernet Sauvignon Wines Using a Low-Cost E-Nose and Machine Learning Modelling. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26165108"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-resource-111820-032340","article-title":"Meat Consumption and Sustainability","volume":"14","author":"Parlasca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neethirajan, S., and Kemp, B. (2021). Digital Livestock Farming. Sens. Bio-Sens. Res., 32.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbsr.2021.100408"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165540","article-title":"Recoupling livestock and feed production in the Netherlands to reduce environmental impacts","volume":"899","author":"Hijbeek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"ref_168","first-page":"10940","article-title":"An open-path optical fibre sensor for ammonia measurement in the ultraviolet region","volume":"11","author":"Manap","year":"2016","journal-title":"ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.06.034","article-title":"Ammonia gas sensors: A comprehensive review","volume":"204","author":"Kwak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2009.01.008","article-title":"A novel highly sensitive gas ionization sensor for ammonia detection","volume":"150","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2004.11.054","article-title":"Ammonia sensors and their applications\u2014A review","volume":"107","author":"Timmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6313","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CP07799D","article-title":"Metal-oxide-semiconductor based gas sensors: Screening, preparation, and integration","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neethirajan, S. (2020). The role of sensors, big data and machine learning in modern animal farming. Sens. Bio-Sens. Res., 29.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbsr.2020.100367"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600000762","article-title":"Overall assessment of animal welfare: Strategy adopted in Welfare Quality\u00ae","volume":"18","author":"Botreau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim. Welf."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buller, H., Blokhuis, H., Lokhorst, K., Silberberg, M., and Veissier, I. (2020). Animal Welfare Management in a Digital World. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10101779"},{"key":"ref_176","first-page":"736536","article-title":"Does Smart Farming Improve or Damage Animal Welfare? Technology and What Animals Want","volume":"2","author":"Siegford","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomes, J., Esteves, I., Neto, V.V.G., David, J.M.N., Braga, R., Arbex, W., Kassab, M., and de Oliveira, R.F. (2023). A scientific software ecosystem architecture for the livestock domain. Inf. Softw. Technol., 160.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2023.107240"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eij.2023.04.001","article-title":"Deployment of an intelligent and secure cattle health monitoring system","volume":"24","author":"Arshad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Egypt. Inform. J."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rama.2021.02.013","article-title":"Tracking and sensor-based detection of livestock water system failure: A case study simulation","volume":"77","author":"Tobin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rangel. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2020.09.003","article-title":"Detection of changes in the circadian rhythm of cattle in relation to disease, stress, and reproductive events","volume":"186","author":"Wagner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2022.105687","article-title":"Thermal comfort and behavior of beef cattle in pasture-based systems monitored by visual observation and electronic device","volume":"253","author":"Barreto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2020.105150","article-title":"Environment-, health-, performance- and welfare-related parameters in pig barns with natural and mechanical ventilation","volume":"183","author":"Chantziaras","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_183","first-page":"212","article-title":"Technology and application in automatic monitoring of the body temperature for livestock and poultry","volume":"38","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao\/Trans. Chin. Soc."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3586","DOI":"10.3390\/s90503586","article-title":"Monitoring Animal Behaviour and Environmental Interactions Using Wireless Sensor Networks, GPS Collars and Satellite Remote Sensing","volume":"9","author":"Handcock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, Y., Corke, P., Poulton, G., Wark, T., Bishop-Hurley, G., and Swain, D. (2006, January 14\u201316). Animal Behaviour Understanding using Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, Tampa, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/LCN.2006.322023"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634338","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.634338","article-title":"A systematic review on commercially available and validated sensor technologies for welfare assessment of dairy cattle","volume":"8","author":"Stygar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7991","DOI":"10.3390\/s100907991","article-title":"Sensors and Clinical Mastitis-The Quest for the Perfect Alert","volume":"10","author":"Hogeveen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10130","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3122341","article-title":"SocialCattle: IoT-Based Mastitis Detection and Control Through Social Cattle Behavior Sensing in Smart Farms","volume":"9","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-020518-114851","article-title":"Application of Real-Time Sensors to Improve Animal Well-Being and Production","volume":"7","author":"Halachmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2005.07.002","article-title":"Pain Management in Cattle","volume":"21","author":"Anderson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Anim. Pr."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5351","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1515982112","article-title":"Automated measure-ment of mouse social behaviors using depth sensing, video tracking, and machine learning","volume":"112","author":"Hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0396-1","article-title":"Real-time analysis of the behaviour of groups of mice via a depth-sensing camera and machine learning","volume":"3","author":"Ey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaseer, A., and Chen, H. (2021, January 27\u201331). A Review of Sensors and Machine Learning in Animal Farming. Proceedings of the IEEE 11th Annual International Conference on CYBER Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER), Jiaxing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CYBER53097.2021.9588295"},{"key":"ref_194","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sensor technology for animal health monitoring","volume":"7","author":"Amruta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Smart Sens. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_195","unstructured":"Bond, T.E. (1976). Milestones in Environmental Control of Animal Production Structures\u2014And Future Outlook. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng."},{"key":"ref_196","unstructured":"Anon (2005). Technology Utilization, Environmental Control Systems Automated Controls. Am. Astronaut. Soc. Sci. Technol., 39, 97\u2013151."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268822001960","article-title":"Biosecurity and antimicrobial use in broiler farms across nine European countries: Toward identifying farmpecific options for reducing antimicrobial usage","volume":"151","author":"Mallioris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ammad-Uddin, M., Ayaz, M., Aggoune, E.-H., and Sajjad, M. (2014, January 24\u201326). Wireless sensor network: A complete solution for poultry farming. Proceedings of the IEEE 2nd International Symposium on Telecommunication Technologies (ISTT), Langkawi, Malaysia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISTT.2014.7238228"},{"key":"ref_199","first-page":"972","article-title":"Sen-sor-Generated Data for valuation of Subclinical Mastitis Treatment Effectiveness with Garlic Extract (Allicin)","volume":"13","author":"Antanaitis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dairy Cattle Agric."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.07.013","article-title":"Relationship between somatic cell count status and subsequent clinical mastitis in Dutch dairy cows","volume":"102","author":"Vernooij","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6041","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33258-0","article-title":"Fabrication of spectroscopic microfluidic chips for mastitis detection in raw milk","volume":"13","author":"Phiphattanaphiphop","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(92)77798-4","article-title":"Electrical Conductivity of Milk: Measurement, Modifiers, and Meta Analysis of Mastitis Detection Performance","volume":"75","author":"Nielen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_203","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of the electrical conductivity of milk as a mastitis indicator","volume":"334","author":"Hamann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bull. Int. Dairy Fed."},{"key":"ref_204","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Detection of sub-clinical mastitis using prototype electronic-nose","volume":"8","author":"Anand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Recent Technol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2016.75-79","article-title":"Episodes of clinical mastitis and its relationship with duration of treatment and seasonality in crossbred cows maintained in organized dairy farm","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3834","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0941","article-title":"Detection of mastitis pathogens by analysis of volatile bacterial metabolites","volume":"91","author":"Hettinga","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11317","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19097","article-title":"Novel ways to use sensor data to improve mastitis management","volume":"104","author":"Hogeveen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2018.2832650","article-title":"Animal Lameness Detection with Radar Sensing","volume":"15","author":"Shrestha","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote. Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2008.05.007","article-title":"Detecting cow\u2019s lameness using force sensors","volume":"64","author":"Pastell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.3390\/ani5030388","article-title":"Lameness Detection in Dairy Cows: Part 2. Use of Sensors to Automatically Register Changes in Locomotion or Behavior","volume":"5","author":"Zwertvaegher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiao, Y., Kong, H., Clark, C., Lomax, S., Su, D., Eiffert, S., and Sukkarieh, S. (2021). Intelligent Perception-Based Cattle Lameness Detection and Behaviour Recognition: A Review. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113033"},{"key":"ref_212","unstructured":"Sheldon, I.M., and Owens, S.E. (2017, January 8\u20139). Postpartum uterine infection and endometritis in dairy cattle. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the European Embryo Transfer Association (AETE), Bath, UK."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.07.028","article-title":"Sensor technology to support herd health monitoring: Using rumination duration and activity measures as unspecific variables for the early detection of dairy cows with health deviations","volume":"157","author":"Gusterer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteiro, A., Santos, S., and Gon\u00e7alves, P. (2021). Precision Agriculture for Crop and Livestock Farming\u2014Brief Review. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082345"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borgonovo, F., Ferrante, V., Grilli, G., Pascuzzo, R., Vantini, S., and Guarino, M. (2020). A Data-Driven Prediction Method for an Early Warning of Coccidiosis in Intensive Livestock Systems: A Preliminary Study. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10040747"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198099","article-title":"African swine fever\u2014A review of current knowledge","volume":"287","author":"Blome","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_217","first-page":"94","article-title":"Compressive sensing in wireless sensor network for poultry acoustic monitoring","volume":"10","author":"Chuanzhong","year":"2017","journal-title":"JABE"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul, K., Chatterjee, S.S., Pai, P., Varshney, A., Juikar, S., Prasad, V., Bhadra, B., and Dasgupta, S. (2022). Viable smart sensors and their application in data driven agriculture. Comput. Electron. Agric., 198.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107096"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wurtz, K., Camerlink, I., D\u2019Eath, R.B., Pe\u00f1a Fern\u00e1ndez, A., Norton, T., Steibel, J., and Siegford, J. (2019). Recording behaviour of in-door-housed farm animals automatically using machine vision technology: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226669"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9513419","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2021.3112234","article-title":"Printed Sensor Technologies for Monitoring Applications in Smart Farming: A Review","volume":"70","author":"Rayhana","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2015.67","article-title":"Precision Farming: Sensor Analytics","volume":"30","author":"Ivanov","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomes, J., Carvalho Lopes, V., Graciano Neto, V.V., Felicio de Oliveira, R., Kassab, M., David, J.M.N., Braga, R., and Arbex, W. (2022, January 16). Deriving Experiments from E-SECO Software Ecosystem in the Technology Transfer Process for the Livestock Domain. Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM 10th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Systems-of-Systems and Software Ecosystems (SE-SoS), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3528229.3529386"},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, J., Fuss, S., Johansson, D.J., and Azar, C. (2023). Investment dynamics in the energy sector under carbon price uncertainty and risk aversion. Energy Clim. Change, 4.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egycc.2023.100110"},{"key":"ref_224","first-page":"2","article-title":"Fuels and chemicals from the sun through bioconversion","volume":"7","author":"Bogan","year":"1976","journal-title":"Shar. Sun"},{"key":"ref_225","unstructured":"Ghosh, S., and Klass, D.L. (1974, January 7). Conversion of urban refuse to substitute natural gas by the biogas process. Proceedings of the Mineral Waste Utilization Symposium, Chicago, IL, USA."},{"key":"ref_226","first-page":"1","article-title":"The potential contribution of biogas to the security of gas supply in Germany","volume":"13","author":"Deprie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Sustain. Soc."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.128346","article-title":"Co-digestion of poultry droppings and banana waste for maximizing biogas production in Bangladesh","volume":"346","author":"Khatun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_228","first-page":"87","article-title":"Perspectives of optical colourimetric sensors for anaerobic di-gestion Renewable and Sustainable","volume":"111","author":"Lamb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1002\/elsc.201500014","article-title":"Sensor systems for bioprocess monitoring","volume":"15","author":"Biechele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eng. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(01)00189-0","article-title":"On-line titration of volatile fatty acids for the process control of anaerobic digestion plants","volume":"36","author":"Feitkenhauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.12.052","article-title":"Real time monitoring of a biogas digester with gas chromatography, near-infrared spectroscopy, and membrane-inlet mass spectrometry","volume":"102","author":"Ward","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biore-Source Technol."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nanjundan, P., and Jaisingh, W. (2023). AI-Powered IoT in the Energy Industry. IOT Contrib. Constr. Green Energy, 119\u2013145.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-15044-9_6"},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, K., Chaudhri, S.N., Rajput, N.S., Shvetsov, A.Y.V., Sahal, R., and Alsamhi, S.H. (2023). An IoT-Enabled E-Nose for Remote De-tection and Monitoring of Airborne Pollution Hazards Using LoRa Network Protocol. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23104885"},{"key":"ref_234","first-page":"181","article-title":"Discrimination of the Olfactive Fraction of Different Renewable Organic Sources and their By-Products. A New Generation of MOX Sensor Tailor Made Device to Classify the Volatile Fingerprint","volume":"95","author":"Sberveglieri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Trans."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aunsa-Ard, W., Pobkrut, T., Kerdcharoen, T., Siyang, S., and Prombaingoen, N. (2021, January 1\u20133). Development of intelligent electronic nose for livestock industries. Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering, Applied Sciences and Technology, ICEAST Proceedings, Pattaya, Thailand.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEAST52143.2021.9426281"},{"key":"ref_236","unstructured":"Massera, E., Barretta, L., Alfano, B., Polichetti, T., Miglietta, M.L., Alessi, E., Bruno, G., Passaniti, F., and Licciardello, A. (2022). AISEM Annual Conference on Sensors and Microsystems, Springer."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5117","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-15-5117-2022","article-title":"Characterization of inexpensive metal oxide sensor performance for trace methane detection","volume":"15","author":"Furuta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chesler, P., Hornoiu, C., Gheorghe, M., and Gartner, M. (2022). MOX resistive microsensors for low concentration methane detection. Eng. Proc., 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/ecsa-9-13175"},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sse.2019.107648","article-title":"Improving the signal resolution of semiconductor gas sensors to high-concentration gases","volume":"162","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Solid-State Electron."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2009.2037744","article-title":"Quadratic-stability analysis of fuzzy-model-based control systems using staircase membership functions","volume":"18","author":"Lam","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16786","DOI":"10.1021\/ja207718t","article-title":"Preoxidation for Colorimetric Sensor Array Detection of VOCs","volume":"133","author":"Hengwei","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8649","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cs60179j","article-title":"Optical sensor arrays for chemical sensing: The optoelectronic nose","volume":"42","author":"Askim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/20\/8429\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:05:57Z","timestamp":1760130357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/20\/8429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"references-count":242,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s23208429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23208429","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]}}}